This is the age of scientific and technological development. The explosion and advancement of scientific knowledge has brought about remarkable changes in the global scenario during recent years. This scientific knowledge must be disseminated among the masses so that scientifically aware individuals can be produced to form a learned society, which makes a nation progressive. But there are still some hurdles between the sciences and its understanding among society.

The academic and policy oriented studies on decentralization are not new in themselves. Decentralization connotes the transfer of authority – legislative, judicial or administrative from a higher level of government to a lower level. Panchayati Raj system was envisaged as the mechanism for rural development and furtherance of democratic political culture. Panchayati Raj initiate the process of bringing the communities, who were otherwise self-sufficient in their internal organization of governance, to join with the governmental agencies for socioeconomic advancement. The introduction of the Panchayati Raj in Arunachal Pradesh shadowed the village councils to some extend in certain areas of activities. At the same time it also brought about certain changes in the participation of the women folk, the important segment which so far remained non-participant in the village councils under the traditional governance system. The study is an attempt to provide an insight into the importance of such institutions which are on vogue among the tribes of Arunachal Pradesh.

Job stress is a universal phenomenon which is part of mankind’s work environment. It is widely viewed as a product of mismatch between the individual and his/her physical or social environment. When the level of stress exceeds the optimal level, it has the potential to be harmful and damaging to the individual. Police job stress has been shown to lead to premature death among police officers (Colbert, Johnson, & Slate, 2007). According to Finn and Tomz (1996), shift work, perceived favoritism by administrators, lack of input in departmental policy, lack of training, lack of career opportunities, police culture, and lack of recognition for good work are some of the stressors police officers/personnel experience. While a certain level of stress is present in any job, it is much more pronounced in the field of law enforcement – police departments. This is of course, pertinently the women police personnel are often exposed to danger or the threat of danger.The police bureaucracy itself can also enormous stress on the police personnel‘s family that can affect shift-work, constant fear of injury or death, low pay, and other factors often as much, if not more, than the police personnel. Police force occupations have traditionally been dominated by males.

Mental health is the base for the well-being and effective functioning of an individual. Anyone of any gender, race or age can be affected by mental health disorders. However, women are more likely to have mental health problems than men. Particularly with young women are at high risk. So,mental health is more important especially to women as they do multitasking in the family. Even in modern India, women are often burdened by the responsibilities of home and work place simultaneously. Thus, carrying out duties and responsibilities both at home and workplace overstrains a woman, thereby leading to various psychological problems like role conflict, job strain, mental fatigue, stress, anxiety, frustration, depression, anger, phobias, and other social and emotional distress.

Political instability is considered as one of the serious problem worldwide, especially in the developing countries. Political stability is essential for the long run and smooth economic growth. There is a positive relationship between Political stability and economic growth. The conflict, unrest or any kind violence are adversely affecting the gross domestic production, employment and public & private investment. Present study is about Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). The geographical conflict of this state is considered nowadays a long-standing and serious issue in the present world between two neighboring countries India and Pakistan. Equally, both the countries are enjoying their power practices on the land of Jammu and Kashmir and lead the paradise in hell. Due to this long pending dispute the social, economic and political conditions of the state is very poor. An attempt has been made to examine the affect of political instability on the small scale industrial sector of two districts Pulwama and Anantnag of the J&K. 200 small scale industrial units were selected for the study randomly and questionnaire was designed accordingly. After completion of the primary study, the responses of the respondents were collated and edit. The final data were analyzed and interpreted; finally results were drawn on. It was found that political instability has become one of the serious problem from production to marketing for small scale industrial sector. It was also found that the zeal of entrepreneurship is also discouraging, entrepreneurs are ready to shut down there units or shift them in peaceful location, that will impact the economy of state very badly.

There are 32 National parks, 92 Wild life sanctuaries located in 11 Himalayan states of India. Uttarakhand is the northern Himalayan state of India, where 6 National parks and 6 wild life sanctuaries established by the national and international organizations. These sites are well preserved, most beautiful attractions nationally and internationally among the tourists community for their amusement, knowledge and awareness regarding conservation of natural heritage. Rajaji National Park is one of the famous for his natural beauty, the prosperous diversity of flora, fauna and topographic landscape, which is located between Latitude 29° 56 ’ 40” N to 30° 20’ N and Longitude790 80’ E to 780 01’ 15” E in Pauri, Haridwar and Dehradun districts. It occupies around 820 Km2 areas in 9 forest ranges and situated in the lower Shiwalik range, foothills and Gangetic plains. Terrain relief of the park ranges between 271 m to 1381 m. from mean sea level. Shiwalik range passes from east to west from the park and River Ganga flows from North South and cut Shiwalik range in North East part of the park and makes flood plain in Southern part of Park. In the present study various aspects of the park such as topography, vegetative cover and Species, fauna species, Climate, accommodation facilities, transport and tourist attractions have been described using Remote Sensing and GIS geospatial tools and techniques. The annual tourist flow of the park has been statically evaluated to show the potential as an economic resource and the growing interest of tourists towards this sector of the state economy

Segundo a Federação das Indústrias do Estado de Rondônia (FIERO) em Rondônia o setor florestal madeireiro possui grande relevância econômica e social, sendo responsável pela geração de grande número de empregos. Porém, embora sejam consideradas importantes para a economia, estas empresas convivem com alta prevalência de acidentes de trabalho. Desta forma o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar quais os gastos com pessoal e custos provocados pelos acidentes de trabalho dentro de uma empresa do setor madeireiro. Para tanto, foi realizado uma pesquisa bibliográfica, estudo de caso, utilizando da coleta de dados por meio de análise documental e entrevista com o proprietário da madeireira pesquisada, onde o período abordado foram os anos de 2010 a 2013. Como resultado foi identificado que o perfil predominante dos funcionários da empresa bem como dos trabalhadores acidentados, tratam-se de homens com baixo índice de escolaridade e em sua maioria de 21 a 30 anos de idade. Além disso, foi possível apurar o total dos gastos com pessoal e os custos relativos aos acidentes de trabalho ao longo dos 4 anos pesquisados, observando que estes custos com acidente de trabalho representaram 8,63% do total gasto com pessoal, e que o montante gasto com pessoal representou 19,96 % do valor do faturamento da empresa, um percentual acima do identificado em industrias do mesmo segmento a nível nacional, o que reforça a importância da empresa estar atenta ao controle e gestão dos custos, como forma de minimizar o impacto desses valores sobre sua rentabilidade.

Contemporary society which we look at as modern society is inconceivable without adherence to the principle and practice of human rights. Those societies which do not respect and practice human rights receive international criticism and condemnation and lose image in the comity of nations. They are not modern, even though they exist in the contemporary era. Human rights and contemporary society (or in other words, modern society) share a very close relationship. This is not to suggest that human rights violations do not take place in modern societies. In fact, they do and they have institutional mechanisms to deal with them but what is argued and highlighted in this paper is that without a basic belief and faith in the principle and practice of human rights, modern societies cannot claim to be modern.

The present study attempted to explore the effect of Resilience and Neuroticism on Cognitive coping style of Medical professionals. A sample of 160 medical professionals (80 male and 80 female) were taken from 5 government hospitals of Uttarakhand and 4 private hospitals of Uttar Pradesh. The age ranges from 25 to 35 years. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that the low neuroticism independent of sex and resilience promotes adoption of cognitive coping more in medical professionals. Male in comparison to female medical professionals independent of neuroticism adopt more cognitive coping style and high resilience independent of neuroticism promotes adoption of cognitive coping style more in medical professionals.

A sale is a commercial act of selling a product for compensation. There is passing of the title (ownership) of the item and settlement of a price. The seller, not the purchaser generally executes the sale and sometimes may be completed even prior to the payment. Marketing channels are the pathways through which product and services are made available to the customers for consumption. Distribution management is the art and science of designing the channel, selecting and motivating channel members and promoting the product or service through the channel. This study is an attempt to understand and explain the sales and distribution channel structures in ten different industries in India. It offers a classification scheme for grouping marketing channels into homogenous clusters based on similarity/dissimilarity. This scheme offers to explain the variety found in structures and suggests alternative channel possibilities. This will help in formulating marketing strategies and in deciding upon operational issues as well.

Context: In Manaus, Amazonas, one of the concepts used in the design of Social Housing Programs (SHP) is based on the implantation near the banks of watercourses called igarapés in urban areas, where they were formerly deprived of adequate urban services, health and education and there were subnormal housing. The importance of using sustainability criteria in certifications as an effective method of evaluating these projects is therefore important in order to mitigate or eliminate possible social and environmental impacts caused by these constructions. Objective: To evaluate an SHP project as a case study: The Urban Development and Socio-environmental Inclusion Program of Manaus (PROURBIS), Method: The research is qualitative exploratory and, as for the technical procedures: bibliographic, documentary, case study and field interviews through documentary analysis, interviews and direct observation in which the sustainability of the enterprise was investigated, taking as comparative parameters some of the criteria linked to thesocio-environmental guidance manual of CaixaEconômica Federal (a federal public bank), with relevancy on the issues of socio-environmental sustainability in social housing projects, namely Casa Azul Label, confined to the following topics: urban quality, design and comfort, water management and social practices. Results: The results showed that a) the implementation of the program favored the preservation of natural resources but failed to achieve any classification of the label, b) there were lack of continuity of actions in environmental education, c) many mandatory criteria for water management were not satisfied, and d) the importance of the Training for Enterprise Management criterion as an indispensable method to solve the co-responsibility gap was found, enabling the qualified residents themselves to call upon the task of managing the sustainable solutions proposed by the enterprise. Conclusion: The conclusion is that the Avelino Pereira residential complex, in a peripheral region of Manaus, in the Amazon forest is one of the concrete examples of the possibility of inferring paradigms that guide relations between humans and nature, opening space for hope that other projects can be built in this model of SHP with responsibility and respect for the natural environment.

Education has been considered as natural process. The process of education started even during the pre-historic period when man in his primitive stage began to apply his intelligence to adapt himself to his environment and fulfill the needs of his life. Not only man but every living being has to adapt itself to its environment falling which its survival becomes difficult.

Since ancient times, a wide variety of plants have been used to treat various kinds of diseases based on the traditional knowledge. But now-a-days the major threat to this kind of treatment is the disappearance or scarcity of many valuable medicinal plants due to large scale destruction of vegetation for various reasons. Whatever be the reason, the fact that is often neglected is the pharmacological importance of this safer, cheaper and reliable source of drugs and its preservation for the future.

Since we belong to the information age, we rely on technology and its by-products. Technology is omni-presence now-a-days. Technology is the vital factor for the sustainable development of mankind. It is used in various walks of life. The field of Education is not exception to this condition. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has direct impact on education. It has specific capacity as a catalyst of learning in innovative ways, while comparing to the traditional education. The reconstructive nature of ICTs has converted the classroom based learning in to a home based learning. Even though the hierarchy in the field of education starts from the policy makers, the success and effectiveness of ICT in teaching and learning process, it is the grass root level, that is, schools and teachers are the implementing unit. The biggest achievement of ICTs in the field of education is web based communities. The innovative didactical component comprises the combination of school ICT infrastructure and software facilities which are critical factors for long term sustainable development in the field of education. Above all, the teachers’ role and the new environment at school that allow learners to participate using ICTs are the key factors in deciding the successful didactical practice in education. This synergy will be an on-going process where teachers and students work, collaborate together at the smaller extent, may be partly face-to-face mode (in the same physical area), may be partly in the virtual learning communities in the very near future in our country, at the larger extent. This article focuses on the impact of ICTs for Education in this information age, Usage of ICTs for learning for both the teachers and students to the maximum extent.

The study attempt to find out theMultimedia Awareness among Prospective Teachers of Kanyakumari District. Normative survey method was adopted for the investigation. The main objectivesof the investigation were to study whether there is any significant difference in the Multimedia Awareness with respect to rural and urban sample, Arts and science sample , Bachelors degree and masters degree sample of Prospective teachers.

Ease of doing business index (EODB Index) is defined as an index number ranges from 1-190 which compares how better different countries are providing facilities to a local firm in doing business. Higher rank explains a poor environment for a local firm to operate that business or firm in a particular country and a lower rank implies vice-versa. EODB Index is currently given to 190 economies by World Bank. It was created by Simeaon Djankov at the World Bank Group. It has been released annually for the last 10 years. It uses ten indicators to give a rank to a country. Ten indicators includes.

Actinomycetes are characterized by production of various pigments on natural or synthetic media. These pigments usually described in terms of various shades of blue, red, rose, yellow, green, brown and black. Streptomyces are major group in Actinomycetes as blackish brown (melanin) pigment producer in soil. The melanin formation in the Streptomyces species is the key feature for the classification of the Streptomyces group. Isolation of Streptomyces was carried out on sterile Glycerol Asparagin Agar medium and isolates were preserved on same media for further study. A total 25 Streptomyces were isolated from soil of Shirala region out of these 4 Streptomyces were produce diffusible dark brown pigment on peptone-yeast extract iron agar. Screened isolates were grown in liquid media such as 1% sugar cane waste. Pigment obtained after growth were simply tested in lab scale manner for printing and dyeing of wool fabrics. The antibacterial activity of extracted pigment has been investigated.

The aim of this present study is to examine that to enhance life skills through infotainment strategies among high school students. Single group experimental design was used. A purposive sampling of 36 students was chosen from Alagappa Model School Karaikudi, Sivagangai District. Data was analysed by using t-test and correlation coefficient. Results found that gender, locality and academic achievement have no influence over it. Further, it is generalised that the infotainment strategies promotes studentslife skills for their future.

This article deals with the children s universe of play and toys in a methodological perspective of complexity, also navigating the paths of phenomenology, in an open dialogue with other sciences to compose our research object, the result of reflections elaborated in the course of pedagogy. Traveling through the wings of the childrens imagination we arrive at Cinderella School and observe children from 3 to 4 years of age together with them to understand the universe of childhood without losing the rigor of science. Of the many results we are faced with a school that does not follow the pattern suggested by the Ministry of Education to receive small children, which becomes a problem in the development of their psychic and motor skills. Metaphorically we choose three characters from the world of childrens stories to join them and with them to give wings to our imagination in the net universe of a world that is built and rebuilt at any moment.

The ‘empirical reality’ of multilingualism in India is reflected in the educational language planning and its consequent pedagogical practices at schools. The language policies and the pedagogical practices with their best intentions curate the language of the marginalised learners in the arena of formal education often ignoring the fact that the pedagogy of the (foreign) language teaching has been based on second language acquisition theories that mostly disregard learners’ prior (and simultaneous) language learning experiences and resources (Susanna,2018). This neglect plays a significant role in the language learning of the tribal learners who are by default plurilingual. This paper tries to identify the ‘pedagogy of neglect’ latent in the educational language planning which shapes the preference of language in education as a subject of studyand also the choice of language as a medium of instructionin the schools of Eastern India. This study finds out thatthe language curricula in the schools arenot structured to use the tribal learners’ metalinguistic awareness as a springboard for learning other languages and the study also illuminates the linguistic aftermath of schooling on the tribal learners.

The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of SAQ Training with and without speed training on speed and acceleration among college students. Twenty four college students studying their B.P.E.S course from St. John’s college of physical education, veeravanallur were selected randomly as subjects. The age of the subjects ranged from 19 to 21 years. The selected subjects were divided into two groups. Group I underwent SAQ training with Speed training and Group II underwent SAQ training without speed training. The experimental groups (SAQ training with speed and SAQ training without speed training) were subjected to the respective trainings for alternative three days for up to six weeks. The SAQ training with speed training and SAQ training without speed training were selected as independent variables and the criterion variables speed and acceleration were selected as dependent variables and the selected dependent variables were assessed by the standardized test items. speed was assessed by 50 Meters test and the unit of measurement in seconds, and acceleration was assessed by 30 Meters Fly test and the unit of measurement in seconds. The experimental design selected for this study was pre and post test randomized design. The data were collected from each subject before and after the training period and statistically analyzed by using dependent‘t’ test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). It was found that there was a significant improvement and significant different exist due to the effect of SAQ training with speed training and SAQ training without speed training on speed and acceleration.

Typography is a fundamental part of advertising, without which we can’t imagine the world of advertising. The fonts that we choose have an impact on our readers, whether in different Medias like Logo, Brand design, Press, Magazine design, Web design and 3D design. Often without even realizing it, readers react psychologically to the appearance of a text.

The paper addresses the decision making status of women in tea gardens where women have a prominent contribution in economy around fifty percent of total work force. Their earning wage actually is so poor to live, though they are involved in economic actability, their socioeconomic condition is very bad due their poverty, illiteracy and ignorance which also influence on their decision making in various field. So the aiming of the study to find out their participation in decision making, where 125 sample households have been surveyed from five tea gardens of Terai region of Jalpaiguri district. The findings of the study shows contribution in decision making of women is not so satisfied where the major decisions dominated by males yet they take some decisions related household chores and buying some foods independently. Although there are lot of factors influencing their decision making.

Modern age is digital and highly technological. Thus, education as an industry is not exempted from the impact of technology and digital connection. Therefore, each one of us is trying to be compatible with the electronic revolution which has become quite essential for other related changes. Educational technology too has been in active use for a long time especially in most modern educational institutions in India and across the globe. Electronic media can play a critical role in preparing modern teachers equipped with sophisticated learning tools. It has been noticed that effective implementation of e-learning is not possible without teacher’s attitude, readiness and appropriate training. The present paper discusses the importance of training in electronic learning scenario for teacher educator’s professional development in general and language educators in particular. The main purpose of this paper is to raise and tackle some of the training issues and components of pre and in-service teacher-training for effective utilization of e- resource and achievement of educational objectives conceived at teachers’ colleges for different disciplines.

Namakkal is one of the prosperous and historically important districts in the state of Tamil Nadu. Namakkal was part of the Tiruchirappalli District in the late 18th and early 19th century. Namakkal then became part of Salem District, but it now considered as a separate District. This is the first Asian municipality, which has been certified with ISO 14001-2004 for its exclusive and excellent environmental management system. Apart from being an industrial city, this ecofriendly place is among the pilgrimage sites of south India. This city attracts Tourists from all over the state as well as the country for its varied places of worship and rich cultural heritage. The temples in Namakkal played an important role in the religious history of Tamil Nadu and are also the marvels of brilliant architecture in South India. Generally, Namakkal is considered to be a Vaishnava Kshetram. Three popular Vaishnava temples are located around the Rock fort like Namakkal Anjaneya Temple, Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, and Ranganathaswami Temple. Namakkal Anjaneya Temple is located at the west side of the rock. The Narasimha cave is located at the foot of the hill on the west side of the rock. While the Anantasayi cave is located half-way up the east side of the hill and has a set of built-up steps leading to it. Sure the tourists who visit once may face a full stop for their problems of any kind.

In a country like India, with an economy where capital is scarce and progress is not evenly spread, the growth of MSMEs sector in a proper way is vital in order to achieve a balanced economic development. The strength of MSMEs enterprises in India lies in the spread or dispersal of rural, semi-urban and urban areas evenly. So the performance of the MSME sector has a direct impact on the augmentation of the overall economy of the country. The paper throws light on how MSMEs are distributed geographically and socially among communities in India. The analysis is made on the basis of secondary data considering Nature of activity, male, female, urban, rural, and category wise units.The paper concludes that contribution and role of different area and different social groups are paramount for the development of MSMEs sector in India. however, the fast growth of this sector, by including all regions as well as social groups will definitely lead to the improvement of whole economy and the dream of ‘make in India’ will be realized. Eventually, As per the overlook of data, The MSMEs sector is one such opportunity to bring geographical and social equality in the Indian economy.

Indian banking sector has made speedy progress as per the changing drifts and has geared up itself to the new competitive business environment. Indian Banking Industry is in the core of InformationTechnology Revolution and its changes have put forth the competition amongst the Banks worldwide. Indian economic environment is witnessing path breaking reform measures. Under financial sector, the banking industry is one of the major player, has also been experiencing a metamorphic modification. Today, we are having a fairly well developed banking system with different types of banks like; public sector banks, foreign banks, private sector banks, old and new generation banks, regional rural banks and co-operative banks with the Reserve Bank of India as the apex body of the Monetary System in the country. During the last 49 years since 1969, terrific changes have been noticed in the banking industry. The banks have removed unnecessary traditional functions and have been innovating, improving and coming out with modern services to furnish to the emerging needs of their customers. The welfare activities of the country are carried through banking system in India. With introduction of Electronic Banking, Electronic Funds Transfer, RTGS, NEFT etc. in which funds are transferred within the restricted time seems to be dream come true. But networking and internet connection are the new challenge arising associated with security, privacy and confidentiality related to transactions. In the era of 1991 with the policy of LPG, Government has opened the doors for foreign banks to start their operations in India and provide their wide range of facilities, thereby providing a strong competition to the domestic banks, and helping the customers in availing the best services. The present era deals with cashless transactions, E-cheques, mobile wallets etc. Hence the present article intends to know emerging trends and its challenges in the area of banking sector with special emphasis on digitization.

Present study is aimed at investigating the main factors responsible for water pollution in river Bina at Sagar. The inevitable proximity of a city/town to river would introduce the controllable and incontrollable types of pollution sources. The controllable sources include the water carriage system of sewers and industrial waste water. An extensive research work has been reported on the effects of the municipal waste water effluents on the water quality, fish population and bottom fauna characteristics of receiving rivers.Study on hydrological status of Bina river water was made to assess the portability of water from 2015. Some physicochemical parameters were considered such as surface water temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, hardness, alkalinity, phosphate and nitrate contents. Among the in this study, we tried to assess the zooplankton species richness, diversity, and evenness and to predict the state of Bina river according to physico-chemical parameters..

The host range and symptomatology of M.B.M.V. on wild and semi cultivated crops. It has been estimated that various macroscopic and microscopic disease symptoms must originate biochemical abnormalities in plants. The experimental finding reveals that MBMV shows visible disease symptoms with only few limited plants and causes great damage in crop yield.

This study was designed to investigate the influences of family and peers on sport participation amongst adolescents in secondary schools at Govt P U College Nagathan A total of 172 learners (108 females and 64 males) attending three public secondary schools in Nagathan rural area volunteered to participate in the study. Results indicated that adolescents preferred peers to family for support in sport participation. In terms of gender, no significant differences (p>0.05) were noted between mean values for school boys and girls with regard to family influence. Boys reported more tangible support, where as girls indicated a preference for emotional support. Sport participation among learners is likely to increase when they receive informational, tangible, emotional and appraisal support from their parents and peers.

Jamunamarathur is a taluk headquarter of Jawadhu hill block since 1985. The Malayalis are the original inhabitants,1 partly pastoral in nature and to a certain extent they are agriculturalist and permanent settlers. Most of the tribal families are much below the poverty line and they are struggling for their basic needs such as food, shelter, education and medical facilities.2 Government is working for the development of the tribal population under various schemes and development measures. Large-scale Multipurpose Co-operative society (LAMP) has been established in this place Jamunamarathur. The main objectives of the Government schemes implemented under Tribal Welfare Department are to provide (i) Education, (ii) Housing and provision of Infrastructural Facilities and (iii) Economic Development. The present study examines a comprehensive description of all the programmes about the tribal sub-plans for schedule Tribes that are implemented on Malayalis in Jamunamarathur of the Jawadhu Hills. The Government schemes are implemented in to two major divisions one is individual level and other one is communities level.

This paper examines the marriage patterns of EAG (Empowered Action Groups) states in India using 2001 and 2011 Census data of India. The work concentrates on nuptiality pattern, age at first marriage (Singulate mean age) for both of male-female and type of residence i.e. rural and urban areas.Itwas observed that the mean age at first marriage in EAG states is 22.5 years as per 2011 Census of India which is less than the national average of 23.14 years and the mean value of 24.37 years and 20.5 years for male and female respectively. The study also found that there is a wide gender gap of age at first marriage 3.87 years i.e. nearly about 3.95 years in urban areas where as near about 3.76 years in rural areas, which is less than the urban areas. The study secondary data collected from Census of India 2001 and 2011 and Hajnal’s Singulate Mean Age at Marriage (SMAM) was used to analyze nuptial status based on the data collected.

The present study assessed the impact of brain hemisphere dominance on pommel horse routine among male gymnasts. This study was conducted on 50 inter-university male gymnasts and their brain hemisphere dominance was mapped with the help of brain hemisphere dominance test constructed and standardized by Agashe and Helode (2007). Scores on pommel horse apparatus was noted from official score book. One way ANOVA analysis reveal non significant impact of brain laterality of male gymnasts i.e. left, right and integrated brain hemisphere dominance on pommel horse routine but male gymnasts with right brain hemisphere dominance showed better scores than male gymnasts with left as well as integrated brain hemisphere dominance. The results are discussed in the light of well established theories of laterality of brain and motor skills.

Literacy is one of the vital qualitative factors for the improvement of a person as well as socio-economic development of human society. Literacy helps to acquire a higher social status through the process of social mobility. Being one of the most important key factors of socio-economic change, study of literacy pattern and its differential on gender of an area is very valuable. This paper attempt to show the spatio-temporal analysis of Literacy and Educational Attainment of Scheduled Caste (SC) Female population of Koch Bihar district. The entire paper has been done on the basis of secondary data, collected from District Census Hand Book, 2001 and 2011 to show the rural-urban temporal variation of female literacy of different blocks of Koch Bihar district. For the fulfilment of the objective, different parametric measures and statistical techniques have been done i.e. Effective Literacy Rate, Spatio-temporal Change in Literacy, Gender Disparity Index and Composite Educational Index (CEI).

The present article discuss about the bibliometric analysis of 30 Ph.D Dissertations in Library and information science approved by Madurai Kamaraj Universities during the year 2006-2015.The study is based on the 30 doctoral Dissertations documents available in Shodhganga. Factor considered for the study are Year wise, references used, Subject wise, male and female researchers and Guide wise contribution of PhD theses in Library and information science.

The paper attempts to determine and analyze theoretically the conversion of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in rural Bengal. The basic objectives of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) is that the socioeconomic development of people of rural area. An elementary level of local self-government had long been operative in India since the Vedic times. However, with the passage of time, the nature, character and role of the local self-government have undergone a challenge so much so that the panchayat of today owes very little to the local government of the post.

Menstruation is generally considered as unclean in the Indian society.Isolation of the menstruating girls has reinforced a negative attitude towards this phenomenon. There is a substantial lacuna in the knowledge about menstruation among adolescent girls. Keeping this view in mind, the present study was carried out to assess knowledge and awareness regarding menstrual hygiene and health among adolescent girls. A sample of 240 schools going adolescent female (11-19 years) taking the benefits of ICDS services at aaganwadi centers in urban blocks were selected. Data was collected using pretested self-administered questionnaires and analyzed statistically. Physiologicalimplication of menstruation was known to 80%girls.Awareness ofhygienic practices like using sanitary pads were found in 91% of the girls. Also, only 78.0% of the school girls were aware of the hormonal cause of menstruation. The awareness of frequency of changing the absorbent was good in 84.8% girls.Awareness of suitable method of disposing soiled menstrual absorbents includes dumping with domestic wastes (43.75%); burning (56.25%) was found in girls. All girls (98%) are aware of taking care of their health by eating nutrient dense foods. Adolescent school girls in urban-1 ICDS area of Indore had fair knowledge of menstruation physiological process and menstrual hygiene practices like using low cost sanitary pad being provided to them at aganwadi centers under Udita Corner Projects (97%) however, majority of the girls were unaware of correct and safe method of disposing absorbent material (sanitary pad). Extending Udita Corner would be helpful to maintain hygiene and breaking stigma of menstruation in adolescent girls.

Governments of different nations spend great proportions of their income on boosting the growth of their economies. Even though other factors can influence the economic growth, education is welladvised as one of the efficacious ways to causal factor of a countries economics growth. The history proves the same that is education can serve as the power bank to change the world in general and economic growth in particular even from the time of Adam Smith.Using Simple Linear Regression Model, this paper tries to identify the level of contribution of Government Expenditure on Education to GDP before and after Globalization in India. The results show that there is a positive relationship between government education expenditure and GDP and there is a contract in the contribution of Government education expenditure to GDP after globalization. It is suggested that Indian government should increase her budgetary allocation to education because of its importance to the economy, hoping that with proper monitoring of fund, it would contribute more significantly to the economy of the country.

Our experiences implementing components and systems for digital libraries show that major elements of the work lie in the interactions of technology with the social and political settings of its developers and its users. With the development of the World Wide Web, the "information search" has grown to be a significant business sector of a global, competitive and commercial market. Powerful players have entered this market, such as commercial internet search engines, information portals, multinational publishers and online content integrators. Will Google, Yahoo or Microsoft be the only portals to global knowledge in 2010? If libraries do not want to become marginalized in a key area of their traditional services, they need to acknowledge the challenges that come with the globalization of scholarly information, the existence and further growth of the academic internet.

Nayantara Sahgal is the daughter of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, Jawahar Lal Nehru’s sister. She is a gifted writer whose main concerns are human values and complex human relationships. Her novels are . . . ‘The Day in shadow, Rich Like Us and Mistaken Identity.’ She has been in touch with political life and political people and therefore her novels about political background are very realistic. A Time to be Happy presents the advent of Indian Independence. Here the researcher finds the enigmas of the East-West encounter. The protagonist Sanad Shiva Pal faces the problem or regaining his roots because of his English education and distance from his own culture and people. But the message is that to find one’s roots is the time to be happy.

The present study was aims to find out the attitude towards teaching among school teachers in Coimbatore district. The objectives of the study were to explore the level of attitude towards teaching among school teachers in Coimbatore district and to examine the attitude towards teaching among school teachers in Coimbatore district. Survey method was used for the study. 287 school teachers were selected as sample for the study. Teaching Attitude Scale developed by Prof. Dr. S. Sathiyagirirajan was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by t-test and regression analysis. Result found that the level of attitude towards teaching among school teachers is favourable.

John Rawls’ in his book “A Theory of Justice” talks about the method of distributing the primary goods in a just society. Furthermore, he defines that the primary goods are those things associated with the rational persons’ aspirations i.e. every rational person would desire to have the primary goods and in the view of John Rawls’ primary goods are opportunities, liberties, rights and wealth etc. John Rawls’ asserts that in veil of ignorance every rational person would do fair distribution of the primary goods. A just society would also have the need to determine how the victims of injustice ought to be compensated. A sort of the compensation is affirmative action. The main objectives of the paper are; to discuss Rawls’ theory of affirmative action backed up by his argument in the favour.

“It is not a soul, it is not a body that we are training up, it is a man and we ought not to divide him into two parts”.

The destiny of nation is molded and fashioned through education and it is true that the education of women has a strategic importance. Women constitute nearly fifty percent of India’s population, the most elegant resource of a society, and women are the most reliable indicator of a country’s character. The educated women can play a very important role in the development of the country, Gandhi said that “If you educate a man, you educate an individual and if you educate a woman you educate whole family”. The growth of women’s higher education in rural areas is very slow.(Singh, O. R. 2001). To know the present position of women education, the present study aim to find out the attitude, opportunities and challenges for women learners in higher education. For the present study the investigator has adopted survey method and the sample of the study consists of 405 women learners in higher education. Major findings of the study are women have high challenges in higher education. Women’s higher education also brings empowerment, self-confidence, and also gives challenges. So the recommendations were to reduction in inequalities in society and functions as a means of improving their status within the family.

India is one of the countries having the largest concentration of tribal population in the world. According to 2011 census, the Scheduled Tribe Population in the country is 8.43 crores, constituting about 8.2 percent of the total population. Majority of the tribal population is concentrated in nine states of India, i.e. Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Odessa, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Assam, Maharashtra and West Bengal.

According to Indian literature Kamasutra and Shani there are 64 types of art forms including dance. But painting, sculpture, drama, music and literature are collectively called Lalitkala. Remaining art forms merge from these five and hence they get their importance.

After gaining victory in the Indian General Elections in 2014, Narendra Modi has become Prime Minister of India. He is icon of Hindutva for his activities as member of Sangh Parivar, BJP and as successful Chief Minister of Gujarat for continuous 14 years (2001-2014). Modi as profounder of democracy visited many of the countries. His ‘Act East’ policy is aimed to establish peace, mutual cooperation and progress in Asia. For this purpose, he has made many of the strategic and defence agreements with China, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Japan, etc. Further, he dreamt to develop India as global power and for this purpose, he extended strategic relationship with the United States. Terrorism is major problem faced by India and various countries and he has also made efforts to curb terrorism. The paper described the principles, facets and activities that are revealed by Modi’s Foreign Policy.

This paper deals with the some important vies and decisions of Dr.Ambedkar regarding the upliftment of depressed classes more particularly ex,untouchables. In the depressed classes emancipation strategy of Dr.Ambedkar. The religious conversion is important one this he thougt of during the Yeola declaration of 1935 as result there was hue and cry over the religious conversion declaration of Dr.Ambedkar. Here the reactions and oppositions of the Hindu leaders including congress leaders are discussed regarding the Yeola declaration. Even the opposition of untouchable leaders also briefly discussed finally the defense of Dr. Ambedkar and his followers are also mentioned. Thus paper analysis the course of Yeola declaration of 1935.this paper is mainly based on Historical method of study.

Physical education is an integral part of the total education process. India has a great tradition in physical education as a means of ensuring physical development, martial valour and recreational competence and the Indian system of exercise include a variety of physical activities such as dands, suryanamaskar, yogicasanasetc. ,which formed the integral part of physical education such as kho-kho and kabaddi now promoted as national games. Physical education equips students with essential knowledge and skills needed to function effectively in this information age. The focus is on helping individuals develop human, technical and conceptual expertise required to take advantage of the various professional opportunities available in today’s job market.

African-American women are the most alluring initiation in the world. They have prow offer the wide manifesto to women cause and hunt for settlement to each flummox cladding African- American women. They consider themselves as womanist rather than feminist.They make and investigation pertaining to truth that is unseen and stamped out, in terms of bond between African-American woman and man, African-American parents and children with undoubted probity their work is based on a schema that people dream suppositions, rituals and their saga. Through exploration, they write about problems that divested the land, the life of the people.As far as, Morrison as an African-American writer, she tries to prove the validity of black culture and assert strongly for its survival power. She urges assuaging energy of altruism and the livelihood of transition, in terms of personal and social. The study focus of the novel Sula ,is on gender bias, the racial issues- the origin of the Bottom with its roots in slavery and the lack of development of Dewey- are interwoven into the fabric of the novel throughout.Morrison extends documentation pertaining through the existing and igniting condition of African-American people in America.

The study intended to find out any relationship between aggressive behavior and emotional maturity of adolescents. Aggressive behavior is the reactionary and impulsive behaviour. The role of education is the modification of behaviour of the individual. So school has a great role in mending the behaviour of the students. Moral education and mediation can be given to students. This may help them to get rid of the aggressive behaviour. The investigator used the mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA (analysis of variance) to analyze the data and results were tabulated. The adolescent students show more aggressive behaviour than emotional maturity.

The paper makes an attempt to draw a relationship between on big five personality factors and social adjustment of MBA students. Likewise number of research on big five personality factors that explain its impact on individual achievement in different ways. But there is no research available in the literature that explains how does a big five personality factor affect / social adjustment among future business executives. Hence the current study propose to carry out the research on big five factors and their influences on social adjustment among MBA students who are going to be business executives. The sample of this research consists of 200 MBA students from in and around of Coimbatore city. The simple random sampling method was adopted for selecting these samples. The investigator used Big Five Personality Factor Questionnaire (John & Srivastava, 1999)) and Social Adjustment Scale developed by investigator. Thus the collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, and correlation analysis to find out the results. The present study concludes that there is a significant relationship between the factor conscientiousness and Social Adjustment. Further, there is no significant relationship between other four factors like Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness and Social Adjustment among the selected MBA students.

Shashi Deshpande emerges as a writer for women and also as a champion of middle class woman in India. She refrains from proclaiming herself of to be a feminist; but her work essentially inspires women to change their predicament by themselves. Women in the Indian culture have been the victims of patriarchy and male chauvinism. This discrimination has been detrimental to their emergence as complete individuals. The worst effect of such treatment is on their psyche, so wide and so deep that it is a herculean task to emerge out of it. Deshpande infuses enough confidence in her readers that they are enabled to face the outside world with courage and boldness. The working class women often delineated in her novels become self-determined. Deshpande’s style of writing is simple and thought-provoking that provides a suitable mode of expression for women in grief and grudge, and also for her women with thirst and boldness to make a mark in the world.

The present study was conducted on a sample of 400 adolescents studying in 11th and 12th class of senior secondary schools of Distt. Punjab. Data was collected with the help of Stress Scale by Lakshmi and Narain (2014) and Psychological Well-being developed by the investigator. The results indicates a negative and significant relationship between psychological well-being and stress of all categories of adolescent i.e. adolescent male, adolescent female, rural adolescents, urban adolescents, adolescents studying in government schools and adolescents studying in private schools.

Traditional economic theories assume that every individual is well informed and make optimum rational decisions in terms of consumption, saving and investment. This assumption suits to major extent in case of short-term financial management and planning however in case of long term financial planning, its validity keeps fading as the time horizon increases. Psychological and behavioral theories indicate that majority of people are either misinformed or ignorant or do not pay due attention to their long term financial planning specifically towards retirement financial planning.

In recent years, increase in class size, the diversity of student populations and changes in the expectations of students have all become challenges for a teacher to manage. The available and immediate resource is ICT. The developments in information and communication technology (ICT)leads to different and more flexible approaches to teaching and learning practice, often involving the increased use of ICT in the special classroom, specially handling students with learning disabilities. The policies and recommendations of our Government have been emphasising on special education and they have given important suggestions and guidelines for its implementation. One such suggestion is ICT in school education. This paper explains what special education isand how ICT plays an important role in a special classroom in achieving the objectives of a teaching programme.

In the modern world, the educational system seeks to contribute to the knowledge and overall development of an individual to a large extent. The student is the central character in our educational system. It is necessary to transform student from an untutored, unskilled individual to a tutored, competent person. Education is a major vehicle to transform the cognitive abilities into a useful format. The most crucial concern, today for schools has been to identify the creative potentialities in children and to plan the educational programs in such a manner that creative abilities are developed among them and their talents are exploited to the fullest possible extent.The main purpose of the present study was to see the effect of gender and birth order on the verbal creativity of secondary school students. The sample consisted of 800 secondary school students belonging to Sirmour District of Himachal Pradesh. Verbal test of creativity developed by Baqer Mehdi was used by the investigator. The findings revealed that female secondary school students showed high mean score on fluency, originality and total creativity than male secondary school students and first born students were found high on all dimensions of verbal creativity viz. fluency, flexibility, originality and total creativity than later born secondary school students.

Present study has been carried out on fifty teacher educators. The main aim of the present study was to explore difference in teaching effectiveness of highly burnout and less burnout teacher educators as to find out relationship between teaching effectiveness and burnout.

At the turn of the 21st century, numerous significant changes have been brought through the use of ICT and its many ramifications in higher education and their potential transforming impact on the society. However, learners, recognized as scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, women and Muslims in India occupy relatively the lowest rung more particularly in the educational ladder. In the context, for years together, the issue of what counts as robust and inclusive higher education system has been debated and still concerns teachers, educators, practitioners and other researchers. Ostensibly, the educational processes and practices in tribal areas are quite distinct from that of any other part(s) of the country. Apparently, many universities, colleges and other institutions of higher learning and research have unequivocally recognized the rationale of information and communication technology for increased accessibility, enhanced responsiveness and more importantly improved quality education for all. The increasingly broad consensus about the transforming potentials and benefits of ICT in higher education plays crucial role in opening the windows of opportunity, learning and development for all. The paper is designed with an objective to develop insights of retrofitting ICT tools, technologies and other applications and appreciate the amelioration in the existing pedagogical strategies in higher education for inclusive society. In the context, technology driven instructional strategies and pedagogical practices will not only empower institutions of higher learning and research but also encompass communities of dalits, tribals and other marginalized sections of the society in terms of participation and inclusion.

The paper highlights importance of unorganized sector and analyses the key strength, weakness, opportunities and threats. It also analyse recently launched government policy “Make in India”. How this policy can change present conditions of unorganized manufacturing sector. It can locate as prominent area for INDIA as leader in manufacturing which can contribute in government call “Make in India” to move India as manufacturing hub in world market. Rapidly increasing global competition has provided the manufacturers from around the globe the opportunities of cheap labor, raw material, potential high profit making markets. Focusing on the employment generation, bossting trade and economic growth, safe guard and sustain the overall development of INDIA and its citizen; the 15th and current Prime Minister of INDIA “Mr. Narendra Damodardas MODI” on September 25th 2014 launched the “ MAKE IN INDIA” which is a new national program designed to facilitate investment in INDIA, fostering innovation, intensify skill development, generate employment opportunities, preventing brain drain and making the use of internationally standardized technology affordable for INDIAN citizens. In order to make INDIA a manufacturing hub its human resource and financial assistance will play a major role. Men and Money being the two most vital organ of a business demands careful capitalization and continuous innovation. An effectively motivated and competitive human resource and availability of finance in hand of the manufacturer determines the survival of company.

Language is essentially an instrument for clarity of communication. Of course, body language occupies a significant place to express ones emotions and feelings. However, linguists point out verbal communication. Is also a combining factor in presenting ones ideas with much courage and confidence. Since English language has taken deep roots in India it has become inevitable and a boon for anyone to learn the language for all practical purposes. But, to learn a foreign language it is felt that one must have strong motivation to catch the spirit of the language. The present write up explores and exposes the importance of motivation, which would produce desired results in mastering the language. The paper as well, evaluates different intrinsic strategies to motivate the learners to equip themselves with proficiency of the language and scientific attitude.

The purpose of this study is to investigate inservice teachers’s attitude towards the use of ICT in the classroom. One hundred and sixty in-service teachers from primary to high school participated in the study. A 32 item attitude scale towards ICT was used to collect the data. The study is a desriptive survey type of research. The results show that teachers are highly positive but the use of them in class is scarce and difficult for them due to lack of training. Secondly, there were significant differences in attitude between their level of qualification and age.

Personal branding is a planned process that helps individuals make conscious efforts towards branding themselves in the market with underpinned intensions of gainful employment, entrepreneurial image or celebrity like visibility. A Personal brand is said to be the perception about oneself in the minds of others. Thus, the personal branding process is helpful for students to compete in the crowded employment market with focused objectives of employability that matches their personal and professional expectations. The paper discusses changing paradigms in the employment contracts that have led to emergence of non-liner careers. Increased onus on employees to manage their careers rather than it being the employer’s prerogative.Making it imperative for individuals to continuously explore themselves and upgrade their skills to be of value in the market. Personal branding is taken as the fix for the flexibility and flux in the market. Various models of personal branding and some shortcomings or negative lashes about the phenomenon discussed will give readers a chance for reflection and thereafter use of Personal Branding to enhance employability.

The term ‘motivation’ is the word derived from the word ‘motive’ which means needs, desires within the individuals. Thus it is the process of stimulating, influencing, attracting the individuals towards good will. The word ‘Music’ has gained the power of divinity right from its origin. If we look back to the pre-historic period’s music has carried out in the religious ceremonies, rites and occupied the sacredness through chanting the hymns. The author Usha Sharma mentions “sacred sangit was created and practiced by Deities and celestial beings and handed down to the kings and mortals on earth”1 . Thus the pleasing nature of music makes the individuals motivated.

Agriculture in a way is the result of human efforts applied in the exploitation of land resources towards the satisfaction of one of man’s basic needs, food. In spite of the rapid growth of industries and service sectors in India, agriculture still is an important economic activity, employing 62 percent of total workers in 2001(Maharashtra 64 percent in 2001).In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse crop combination regions in study area. Crop combination is one of the technique delineating agricultural regions. Ten major crops have been considered for analysis. The study is based on primary sources. TheRafiullah’s Crop Combination Method is using for the study the crop combination regions. The factors like rainfall irrigationetc. affect the crop combination. In BawadaCircle three crop combination regions are delineated and four major crops are identified these are jowar, sugarcane,corn and wheat.

The present study entitled as “Impact of Government Assistance on the development of small (manufacturing) Enterprises in Sivaganga District”. The small (manufacturing) enterprises located in Sivaganga District consists of agro and forest based units, engineering and allied units, textile and polymer based units, leather and leather based units, chemical based units and miscellaneous units. Totally 311 units, being 20 per cent of the universe, have been selected for this study. The period covered for the study is 10 years from 2007-2008 to 2016-2017 to assess the impact of government assistance on the growth of small (manufacturing) enterprises in Sivaganga District. The study is empirical in nature based on survey method. The entire data required for the study were collected in three stages. The primary data relating to the small (manufacturing) enterprises were collected by interviewing the entrepreneurs with the help of the interview schedule. The secondary data relating to the study like origin and growth of small scale industries in India, Tamil Nadu and in Sivaganga District were obtained from various published and unpublished records, annual reports, bulletins, journals, magazines, etc. and also from the informal discussions with the officials of various departments, trade union leaders, and managers of various industries with the officials of District Industries Centre. These discussions were helpful to the researcher in identifying the problems for the study. The factors such as previous experience, source of labour, pattern of organization, and nature of the unit, professional management and membership are the significant influences on growth.

The life in digital era necessitates digital transformation of education and teaching learning experiences. The technology of virtual reality and collaboration on digital platforms brings a drastic change in mind set of student community. The study explored the level of utilisation of virtual and collaborative educational tools among college students. The study conducted on 190 graduate and post graduate students taken from government and private colleges. The tool used for the study is the Utilization Virtual and Collaborative Educational Tools Inventory developed by the researcher which have 25 questions from five dimensions i.e. Social media educational tools, Virtual Multi-Media Archives, Online interactive Platforms, M-learning resources and University Digital Resources. It is four PointScale showing the options ‘Always’, ‘Frequently’, ‘Rarely’ and ‘Not at all’. The statistical techniques used for the study M, Standard Deviation and t-test. The result of the study revealed that there is significant difference in the utilization of virtual and collaborative educational tools among college students based on gender, type of college and stream of subject. Male college students showed higher level of utilization of virtual and collaborative educational tools among college students than their counterpart and it is also found that utilization of virtual and collaborative educational tools among science student is higher than their counterpart and utilization of virtual and collaborative educational tools students from government colleges is higher than their counterpart. It is also revealed that there is no significant difference in utilization of virtual and collaborative educational tools among female students from government and private colleges and no significant difference found among students of arts from government and private. Post graduate students have higher level of utilization of virtual and collaborative educational tools than graduate students. The study recommends some initiatives to be taken the educational authorities to motivate and encourage the students of higher education to maximize their digital exposure ensuring quality education.

There is an adequate amount of proof to recommend that regional disparities within most developing countries are terrifyingly high and almost certainly ever-increasing. This disparity creates copious economic, social, cultural and environmental problems. The present study makes an attempt to inspect the interstate disparities in provisions of level of socio-demographic and economic development in India based on some selected variables by applying Principle Component Analysis (PCA) which is a technique of experimental factorial analysis and the level of development individually for the social, economic and inclusive socioeconomic are acquired by computing the Composite Indices (CI). The indicators are chosen on the basis of straight impact and justified their implication of the investigation. From the result, it is exhibited that Kerala (indices 179.60) takes positioned first and Jammu and Kashmir (indices 149.08) takes last position in the socio-economic improvement. An extensive imbalance in the level of development is confirmed by the empirical result which prevails among the different state. For acquiring the balanced and uniform regional development and improving the value of life probable targets for various socio-economic amenities have been estimated for the low developed state. In addition the article advice to the diffident states for the instant attentiveness of the government to recover the various indicators at various dimensions for construct our country socially and economically developed in a complete manner. To eliminate such discrepancy a number of programme and procedures have to be invented.

Moyez G.Vassanji was born in Kenya and raised in Tanzania. He co founded and edited a literary magazine. He has published six novels two short stories and one memoir (travel story).He won the first Giller Prize for his first novel The Book of Secrets in 1994.Again he won the Giller Prize for his The In Between the world of Vikram Lall in 2003.The Gunny sack won the regional common wealth writers prize in 1990.Vassanji’s works are based on East-African Indians, mostly the Indian Muslims. Vassanji writes about the Indian community, native Africans and colonial administration. Vassanji examines how his characters affected by migration.

A água é um dos bens da humanidade que mais causa preocupação, considerando que uma boa parte do planeta apresenta uma diminuição ou até mesmo, extinção de seus recursos hídricos. Percebe-se, nas últimas décadas o aumento crescente da poluição dos mananciais, principalmente daqueles muito próximos das cidades e, também, o aumento crescente de desperdício. Sendo assim, consideramos a educação ambiental primordial e necessária para sensibilização dos indivíduos para essa crise hídrica mundial. Nesse quadro preocupante e olhando para o ambiente escolar, de um Campus de um Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFET-AM) ou simplesmente Instituto Federal do Amazonas (IFAM), no qual temos exercido nossa docência por mais de vinte anos, percebemos que existem algumas atitudes praticadas nesse ambiente, que podem ser caracterizadas como instrumentos de desperdício de água. Nesse contexto, a problemática que move esse projeto de pesquisa é saber qual a concepção dos alunos do 2° ano do Ensino Médio, do Instituto Federal do Amazonas (IFAM), sobre o desperdício de água na sua casa, no seu bairro e na escola. Assim, o objetivo geral desse trabalho foi investigar a concepção e percepção dos alunos, do 2° ano do Ensino Médio, do Instituto Federal do Amazonas (IFAM), sobre o desperdício de água no ambiente escolar, na comunidade em que vivem e na própria residência. A metodologia apresenta as características da pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, descritiva, sob a abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, à luz do método da análise de conteúdo. Esperamos, com esse trabalho, contribuir para alavancar, ainda mais, as discussões sobre a temática - desperdício de água -, dado a importância do tema, diante da crise, cada vez mais iminente de recursos hídricos. Além disso, mostrar que a escola tem um papel fundamental na sensibilização dos seus alunos sobre o tema e, dessa forma, tornando-os multiplicadores da educação ambiental, por meio da qual o problema do desperdício pode ser amenizado.

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a kind of self-configuring networks. MANET can also be partitioned into clusters for maintaining the network structure. Generally, clustering is used to reduce the size of the topology and to accumulate the topology information. MANET has characteristics of topology dynamics due to factors such as energy conservation and node movement that leads to dynamic load-balanced clustering problem (DLBCP). Load balancing and reliable data transfer between all the nodes are essential to prolong the lifetime of the network. It is necessary to have an effective clustering algorithm for adapting the topology change. In this, we used energy metric in Genetic Algorithm (GA) to solve the DLBCP. It is important to select the energy-efficient cluster head for maintaining the cluster structure and balance the load actively. In this work, we used advanced dynamic genetic algorithms such as Memory Enhanced Genetic Algorithm (MEGA) and Elitism based Immigrants Genetic algorithm (EIGA) and to solve DLBCP. These schemes, select an optimal cluster head by considering the distance and energy parameters. We used EIGA to maintain the diversity level of the population and MEGA to store the old environments into the memory. It promises the energy efficiency of the entire cluster structure to increase the lifetime of the network. Experimental results show that the proposed schemes increase the network lifetime and reduces the total energy consumption. The simulation results show that MEGA gives a better performance than EIGA in terms of load-balancing.

Money is always regarded as an important medium of exchange and payment tool. Initially barter system was used as the significant mode of payment. Over the years, money has changed its form from coins to paper cash and today it is available in formless form as electronic money or plastic card. Hence, the major change in banks which has been brought in by technology is through introduction of products which are alternative to cash or paper money. Due to the technological revolution in financial sector, the payments in banking system have undergone a tremendous change. The Number of innovative products for making payment has developed after the privatization and globalization. Customers have showed their preference over the usage of the plastic money generally over a period of time in the banking process. An attempt has been made to study the satisfaction level of customers and the benefits of plastic money in the banking sector with special reference to Palakkad District. It is assumed that the conclusions from these will provide a clear view of their contribution towards the overall economic development of the country.

Need of reasoning caused need of arranging. Need of arranging caused need of versatility, need of portability caused need of cash; need of cash caused the fall of the work class, Shudras and all the disaster was caused by just single need of training. In this part there are two areas; the primary segments manages social separation among SC/STs in Kalburgi regions and appraisal of the improvement progammes is considered in the second segment. The most multifaceted issue relating to hardship, separation, misuse and persecution is Dalits issue.

In the present era of advanced ICT libraries have seen a drastic change in their house keeping operation. This technology has not only provides easy access to information but also turned the whole world into a global village. Though the libraries in the urban areas are getting huge ICT facilities but the rural libraries are not getting the same. Rural libraries in West Bengal are facing financial problem, lack of manpower, lack of infrastructure.According to census report (2011) nearly 70 per cent people lives in rural areas but they are not getting the equal facilities and opportunities as per the facilities getting by urban people. Thus rural libraries in West Bengal turned into a museum for the preservation of Books.

Secondary school students who are in their adolescent stage needs to develop their capabilities to deal with minor and major setbacks of academic life. This can be achieved by developing Academic Buoyancy and Academic Resilience in students. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study academic buoyancy and academic resilience of secondary school students. This study was also intended to ascertain the relationship between academic buoyancy and academic resilience. The study adopted descriptive research methodology of correlation and causal comparison type. Participants included 1169 secondary school students of Greater Mumbai studying in State Board of Maharashtra. Academic Buoyancy Scale, Academic Resilience Scale and Socio-Economic Inventory were administered to participants. Parametric techniques, ‘t’ test and ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses. Study results revealed no significant difference with respect to the gender but showed significant difference in case of SES for academic buoyancy. For academic resilience, the result showed significant difference for both the gender and SES. The study also revealed significant relationship between academic buoyancy and academic resilience. Finally, eduational implications of the result are discussed.

Students are the greatest resource of every nation. They are the future strength of a society. When they complete their school education and enter in to the college life they have to face a completely different social, emotional, educational and personal environment. They need to be more emotionally mature than before to tackle the changing scenario. This paper deals with the emotional maturity of college going boys and girls. Attempts have been made to assess the impact of gender upon emotional maturity. Various dimensions of emotional maturity have been measured to study the difference. A sample of 100 college going undergraduate students from Nainital district of Uttarakhand have been selected with the help of randomized sampling technique. Out of these 100 students 50 were male and rest 50 was female students. As a tool Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS) constructed by Singh and Bhargava, 1991 was used. With the help of this scale five broad dimensions of Emotional ImmaturityEmotional Instability, Emotional Regression, Social Mal-adjustment, Personality Disintegration and Lack of Independence have been measured. Findings indicate differences in the emotional maturity of boys and girls upon various dimensions. In overall scores boys appeared to be more emotionally mature than girls. Factors behind these differences have been tried to assess. Dimension-wise analysis of emotional maturity would help the parents, teachers and administrators to have knowledge of the emotional development of their children and students and to help them in building a well balanced personality.

It is very important for any human enterprise, more so in case of sports and games, where there is not only kaleidoscopic play of emotions but also name, fame, money and much more at stake. A comprehensive understanding of human nature would contribute in great measure for the all-round development of the person, sporting activity and also improving the quality of life. The study is based on field Survey. This paper focused on the scores of emotional intelligence factors like self awareness (18), empathy (22), self motivation (20), emotional stability (19), managing relations (18), integrity (14), self development (9), value orientation (8), commitment (7) and altruistic behavior (8) clearly indicates that the subject having high level of emotional intelligence in all the ten factors. In this Paper find out that The scores of Socio Economics Status factors like social status (ascribed), socio economic status (achieved), at 60.23 t value social status (whole), at 52.69and economic status (achieved),52.69 socio economic status (ascribed), economic status (ascribed), economic status (achieved), economic status (whole), socio economic status (ascribed), socio economic status (achieved) and socio economic status (whole) clearly indicate that the subject’s family as middle class.

The concept of women Empowerment is becoming a comprehensive phenomenon today. The rural women capitalist may be either an human being or a group and can be viewed from various angles such as economical, social and culture 36percent of third world’s small entrepreneur are women. Entrepreneurship is appropriate for women and it is possible to do work, when she has free time. A self employed wo men is in advance better status and it enables her to take decision in her family associations. objective to develop an interference package for skill development, to impart training among rural women for Empowerment development and to assess the effectiveness of training.Though Women are the most vital part of the progress of any society but after sixty nine years of the I ndependence, Indian women are still struggling against social troubles in the male dominating society. AS per census -2011, it is discovered that population ratio in India is 943 females per 1000 of males. This ratio states that women are not ignorable part in India.. But the real fact that women are inseparable part of any society. Without the women empowerment through capacity building, a country’s progress will be stop. Capacity building means development of knowledge, skill or other capabilities. It is conceptual approach to social or personal development. The capacity building which encompasses the country’s human, scientific, technolo gical, organizational, institutional and resource capacity; can’t reach it’s goal without the women, who deliver multiple role effortlessly every single day. And by empowering women we can also attain the aim of skill development which enriches the perform ance of the women working as well as improves the quality of work.Researchers have reviewed more reliable relevant literature and have selected their objectives to identify percentage of the gender inequality and the ration of skill development of Indian women. Document analysis methodology has used for this study. This study will be helpful for analyzing and evaluating the percentage of the gender inequality and the ration of skill development of Indian women.

Shashi Deshpande succeeds in portraying a realistic picture of the middleclass educated woman who faces the problems of adjustment between the tradition and modernity. She stands as a legend in her portrayal of the middleclass Indian woman with her inner turmoil, annoyance, frustrations and silence that mutilated. The present paper seeks to intricate upon the realities of familial disinterest in the urban milieu, the reality of the different forms of detachment and noninvolvement of the characters, the destructive effects of parental incompatibility and anger over the lives of the children. It also explores the realities of the disgust and revulsion of the women in an atmosphere of a lack of companionship and sense of belonging. The study also seeks to examine agony of a secluded individual.

The present paper attempts to Amit Chaudhuri from regional point of view. The fundamental principle of the study is to explore Chaudhuri’s treatment to his region and various aspects related to it. He cultivated a subversive alternative ethos, distinguished by his crystalline miniaturist style, which means his moral ideas and attitude belong to the Bengali society and culture. The paper has been written by proper examination of language and style used by Chaudhuri to describe his region realistically. There is description in fair details of the different and important concerns of Regionalism pertaining to the novels under study with sub themes, local colour, characters, style, language, etc. He tries to identify himself with his own region, Calcutta and tries to explore the world with a fresh mind. The richness of Bengal’s culture is presented in a descriptive manner.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the preference of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) services provided to customers in nationalized banks in Tirunelveli District. To achieve the purpose of the study, 378 customers of nationalized banks in Tirunelveli District were selected as a sample by adopting the convenience sampling technique. The study adopted the relevant research designs, namely a descriptive and analytical research design. A well structured and pretested interview schedule was used to collect the information required for the study and focused on the preference of CRM services of nationalized banks. The Garret ranks are calculated by using the appropriate Garrett Ranking formula to analyze the preference of CRM services provided to customers in nationalized banks. The results of Garret Ranking Techniques have indicated that in the case of customers regarding the order of preference of CRM services, working hours has been ranked as the first factor. The study suggested based on the result that in order to stay competitive and retain customer, the nationalized banks need to improve their CRM services in the form of working hours, customer services, customers’ follow up, customers’ meet, customer care, customer loyalty, services through technology and employees’ attitudes and services.

Educational data mining is large, complex and various platforms for finding out missing values as well as to improve students’ performance with the use of data mining techniques. KDD s is a part of data mining which can be a challenging issue is among worldwide. Knowledge discovery data process in the data mining to improve students’ performance in self financing institutions can be possible by discovering necessary information from various students’ dataset. The KDD process is affected zone patterns can be identified with the proper implementation of data mining technique. This paper focuses about educational data mining and research work carried out on data mining technique to improve academic student result and activities. This paper also focuses on taking a various students activities and based on result points and techniques adopted by different researches, and discusses about the recent and effective algorithm to short out diabetes mellitus.

In India, the word ‘civil service’ is said to have originated during the days of the government of the East India Company (sometime between 1600 and 1858). The word ‘civil service’ was used to designate the British administration in India. The British East India Company called its employees working on the civil side ‘servants’ in contrast to those employed for military and naval duties. This paper attempts to trace the evolution of the Indian Civil Service (ICS), which, with Indian independence, was replaced by the Indian Administrative Service (IAS). In doing so, it attempts to sketch the entire process of gradual but certain Indianization of the ICS during the last uncertain days of the British Raj in India. This paper shows that although after the Second World War in 1942, native Indian men entered the ICS in significant numbers, the environment in the ICS till the very end was very much alien to the inclusion of native men in the colonial bureaucracy. Moreover, even though the process of Indianization of the Civil Services led to the entry of some upper class and upper caste men into this prestigious body, women were, in general, relegated to the role of ‘unofficial representatives of the Raj’.

Single crystals of glycine doped mono-urea oxalic acid (GMUOA) were successfully grown by conventional solution growth method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the grown crystal belongs to monoclinic system. The transparency of the crystal was determined by UV-visible spectroscopy and optical band gap was determined. The mechanical parameters like hardness, work hardening coefficient and parameters of the sample were determined from the results of microhardness test. SHG efficiency of the GMUOA crystal was found by Kurtz-Perry powder method.

Plants have proven to be useful in goitre disease. Metabolic disorder in human beings damage the functioning of the body. Medicines from the plants have the capacity to cure metabolic disorders including goitre. The main aim of this review paper is to summarizing the symptoms, types of thyroid diseases (goitre) and the chemical constituents of plants used in thyroid disorders.

Jains emphasize the commandment of ahimsa (non-violence]in their literary works. All their works centre around virtuous living, control of the senses, avoidance of carnal pleasures and aiming for liberation from the cycle of birth and death. Jain literature in general is set in a didactic tone and jain authors, a majority of them ascetics, always took care that their writings were accessible to a considerable mass of people. The following account though brief, is meant to help assess the part the jains [samanars] played in the literary history of the tamil country.

As women’s first major contribution with men was in the struggle for freedom of India, women emancipation had no elements of manwoman antagonism which overwhelmed women’s movements in the West.Emancipation does not mean the liberty to do what one please. It is movement to obtain self-respect and dignity. Chitra Banerjee in her selected novels like Arrange Marriage, Sister of My Heart, The Mistress of Spices, Queen of Dreams and The Vine of Desirehas renovated marginal women into new icons of independence and substantiate that women are proficient of restructuring the community. She proposes two advantages of Women’s Liberation. First, she allows them to realise their potential as individuals in their society. Second, she asserts that it is the only way by which they could achieve personal recognition and identity. Hence she prefers to identify herself as a ‘womanist’ writer and her writings are assessments of the female identity in India and in America.

This study contribution of women farmers to maize production in Vappanthattai taluk, Perambalur. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 50 women farmers as sample size for the study. Data collected through interview schedule were analysed using frequency counts, percentages and mean while Chi-square were used to test the relationships that exist between selected socioeconomic characteristics and contributions of women farmers to maize production.

Over the past four decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults across all genders, ages and racial/ethnic groups. The negative effects of obesity on both the individual and society are serous and multidimensional obesity is the risk factor for many health problems, including coronary heart disease, certain forms of cancer, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke, osteoarthrthritis, sleep apnea, and respiratory problems is associated with increase in all cause mortality.

The construction industry in India is the second largest employer of unorganised workers next to agriculture. The workers of the construction sector work in unhealthy and polluted atmosphere under direct sunlight for long hours are non congenial. The occupational health hazard in the construction industry is the highest. The hazards in the construction work sites are categorised as Physical, Chemical, Biological and Nano hazards. An attempt is made to find out the hazardous factors that affect the health of the construction workers at work place and its incidence on the health of the construction workers.

Plagiarism is a theft of intellectual property of others. The intellectual properties may be video, audio, story, texts and so on and so forth. It has become the customary thing for the people to use others’ writings in the academic arena the reason being easy going nature of people. The culture of copy, cut and paste is so easy and handy nowadays. Presentation will be made ready in faster pace in a shoe lace tying time. The internet browserslike Google, Mozilla Firefox and so onhelps us not only to get information quicker but also to take easily. It is on the increase after the advent of internet. The search engines provide a wider platform for people to go for plagiarism. Among all, the Wikipedia is the main source for people to copy, cut and paste. It possesses a large amount of information. The purpose of the Wikipedia is different, it is to provide knowledge source like an encyclopedia. The mass copying as a result of the internet has increased manifold. How to counter all these? Is there any checking point for this? What is that which is lacking in our researchers who tend to go for plagiarized content? Barring research scholars, academicians with repute are also often caught with plagiarized content. Much has been done to damage the image of academicians. It is so natural that everything which has a mushrooming growth will have its natural end.

Later on developments were questions framed in the Interview.

Today the need of ICT is of great importance in teaching and learning process, as it facilitates effective teaching and learning. Though ICT has a lot of applications in various fields, one should not forger its application in the field of Education. This piece of research work aimed to find the attitude towards the use of smart classroom of IX standard students. The data was collected from 35 English Medium students those who studied with the help of smart classroom. The tool was constructed and standardized by the researcher. The tool has 38 statements, out of which 31 items are favourably worded and the remaining 7 items are unfavourably worded. Likert’s method of summated ratings was adopted to find the level of attitude. This scale has face validity, content validity and construct validity. Test-Retest method was used to find out the reliability which is 0.75. The result shows that the students have a favourable attitude towards the use of the smart classroom.

Today’s work places are more complex and sophisticated requiring erudite leadership due to global Economic competitiveness, as leaders are confronted with unpredictable challenges, which require different degree of leadership management. Effective management of employees may be assumed to be achievable through leadership behavior, which promotes employee’s commitment and productivity. Although, employee’s performance can be highly affected by many factors arising from within and outside organizational context. The object on the inquiry is to ascertain the most favorable leadership style amongst autocratic, democratic, bureaucratic, servant, transformational, transactional and laissez faire, used in the case organization to determine its influence on employees performance through satisfaction.

The present paper is an attempt to expose postmodern writer John Barth’s view over the various types of quest mankind undertaken in life and the problem they suffered from the origin. The modern man enjoys several privileges and facilities compared to the primitive one, his search in life. Letters is concerned primarily with letters, old letters, new letters, stolen letters, secret letters, public letters, false letters, unread letters, letters within letters, letters of the alphabet, letters as the state of art, letters as opposed to pictures, and letters as history, true and false. It is a novel about novel-making, letters on Letters on letters. Letters are both the subject matter and narrative materials which seem to create themselves out of the chaos of history and the arts. As the artist-creator of his world, Barth is behind every action, meeting, coincidence and character in his novel. The previous six books all connect because Barth sees their interrelatedness and makes them all into his world. Like the narrator of an epistolary novel or a god, Barth pulls all the strings. As the ruler and creator of his world, Barth makes his characters in his own image, clones or pieces of himself. The Author is part Proteus, part Zeus, and part Barth in his mythic role as archetypal artist/creator.

Locating the term quality in educational discourse is now a universal concern today. The belief that quality goes with privilege is clearly irreconcilable with vision of participatory democracy that India upholds and practices in the political sphere. According to the World Bank lack of quality is a major problem in many education systems. The quality of education is poor at all levels in low- and middle-income countries. Students in developing countries have a mean level of achievement below that in industrial countries, and their performance shows a much greater variance around the mean.” Whether this problem has increased or not is difficult to judge, but it is enough to notice that there is a huge need to improve quality in education in many countries. The researcher has tried to find out the gap between the key functions of the School Management Committees that are attributed theoretically to enhance schoolquality like Making School Development Plan (SDP) as per the RTE guidelines/norms ; management of school; Supervising and supporting implementation of SDP; Supervision/monitoring of finance, management, academic progress, distribution of entitlements & other functions; Ensuring accountability and transparency in the system through the social audit mechanism; Keeping proper accounts of the fund available and sharing its deployment; Creating and maintaining an educational database; Coordinating with the local authority, generating funds from other sources for development of schools; Monitoring academic progress of the children; and the functioning of school management systems that exist in reality! The study has considered the School Managing Committee members and the teaching staff of schools in urban and rural areas of Greater Mumbai and Thane. The study also considers the types of school boards, gender, teaching experience and educational qualification of the participants in enhancing quality in schools. The researcher has used ttest and ANOVA to test the null hypotheses framed in the study and has found significant differences in the functioning of School Management Committees in the enhancement of quality education on the basis of types of school boards, geographical areas, teaching experience and educational qualifications overall.

Mental wellness is an important attribute in today’s world. This research evaluated two variables, namely, happiness quotient and state of mindfulness, as indicators of mental wellness in a sample of final-year undergraduate students from a premier medical college in Greater Mumbai. Two standardised tools were used for this purpose. The results showed the following: the students had a mean happiness quotient similar to that reported in the general population; their state of mindfulness was similar to that reported among college students in the West; over one-half of them stated that they were somewhat unhappy or not particularly happy or unhappy (only 10% stated that they were very happy); there was no significant difference between males and females in both the variables; there was a positive relationship between the two variables. The research suggests a need for interventions as part of the curriculum to enhance the state of mindfulness and also happiness quotient in these students.

The purpose of the study was to find out the Effect of Yogasana on Blood Pressure Variables of High School Girls Students. To facilitate the study, 40 subjects were selected at random from high schools of Vijayapura city. The target subjects are the girls high school students and having their age in the range of 14-16 years old. The subjects are classified into two groups one is control group which is not exposed to any treatment and other one is experimental group which is exposed to yoga training treatment. Before carry out the treatment, all the subjects were tested and their initial scores are measured and recorded on the Blood Pressure Variables of the students. Later yogasana treatment is given for experimental group for four weeks and by keeping the control group constant. Finally, all the Blood Pressure Variables such as Systolic blood pressure and Diastolic blood pressure are tested and scores are recorded. Later, collected data was put into the statistical treatment using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to find out the significant mean differences. The study reveals that yoga training played vital role in decreasing the Systolic blood pressure and Diastolic blood pressure of the students. So, it can be concluded that Yogasana made significant impact on the control of Blood Pressure Variables of the high students under study.

The purpose of the study was to find out the Effect of Yogasana on Blood Pressure Variables of High School Girls Students. To facilitate the study, 40 subjects were selected at random from high schools of Vijayapura city. The target subjects are the girls high school students and having their age in the range of 14-16 years old. The subjects are classified into two groups one is control group which is not exposed to any treatment and other one is experimental group which is exposed to yoga training treatment. Before carry out the treatment, all the subjects were tested and their initial scores are measured and recorded on the Blood Pressure Variables of the students. Later yogasana treatment is given for experimental group for four weeks and by keeping the control group constant. Finally, all the Blood Pressure Variables such as Systolic blood pressure and Diastolic blood pressure are tested and scores are recorded. Later, collected data was put into the statistical treatment using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to find out the significant mean differences. The study reveals that yoga training played vital role in decreasing the Systolic blood pressure and Diastolic blood pressure of the students. So, it can be concluded that Yogasana made significant impact on the control of Blood Pressure Variables of the high students under study.

Manju Kapur and Kiran Desai deal with the various themes which are interwined in their novels – The Immigrant and The Inheritance of Loss respectively such as, globalization, isolation, multiculturalism, displacement and loss of identity. Kapur portrays the life of a married woman beset with alienation and marital conflicts in an alien land where homeland, motherland, connectivity with native people remain distant things. Failure matrimonial saga in the novel brings out women’s role at home and their awkward adaptation to alien culture. Kiran Desai deals reinforce the Westerners’ impression of an Indian subcontinent under the process of globalization. She handles very subtly the issues of isolation, racial discrimination, inequality, fundamentalism alienation and xenophobia.

Over the last few years, Pollution on environment becomes endemic and the stakeholders are considerably worried about the issue which paved the way for the growing concern about the implementation of environmental accounting. Still, there exists a lacuna in the adoption of the environmental accounting practices by the corporate as the policy makers cannot come to an accord regarding the conceptual framework of environmental accounting and reporting. Therefore, it is not mandatory for the corporate to disclose the environmental related cost and benefits except with respect to certain industries. In India, such disclosures are of voluntary nature and are guided by corporate social responsibility norms. In this paper, an attempt is made to discuss the theoretical foundation of environmental accounting and reporting practices in India. Environmental accounting and awareness have given more important as it is the need of the day.

The present study examines the extent of Occupational Stress, Mental Health and Adjustment of Police and Forest employees. It was hypothesized thatpolice and forest employeesdiffer significantly on Occupational Stress, Mental health and Adjustment. And the male and female employees of Police and forest department differ significantly on Occupational Stress, Mental Health and Adjustment.In order to verify the above hypotheses, a sample size of 100 was selected from Police and Forest employees of three taluksfrom Dharwad district of Karnataka.To measure the variables, the following tools were used: Occupational Stress Index - by A. K. Srivastava and A. P. Singh, Employees Mental Health Inventory - by Dr. Jagadeesh and Global Adjustment form-A – by Sanjay Vohra.The major findings of the study reveal that there is no significant difference between the police and forest employees on occupational stress. But forest employees have significantly higher mental health and adjustment than the police employees. It is also found that male and female employees do not differ on the variables.

State is one of the significant predetermined factors in the context of women empowerment. Taking other parameters constant, this factor alone has the capacity to decide the fate of her women citizens both in progressive or regressive manner like Turkey in Kamal Pasha regime or the modern Saudi or Iran in conservative regime. However, the constitution of India neither discriminate its womenfolk on any grounds of law (if there is some positive discrimination like reservation of seats for women in panchayat election) nor it supports any differentiating practices in the name of tradition or else but the statistics reflecting the status of women is alarming and we are far behind the developed regions in all sense and our government programmes are sometimes not at all inclusive, particularly in the context of gender. However, the situation has been changing gradually over time and the state has accepted women as active agents rather than a passive recipient in development programmes and schemes. Against this backdrop, this study seeks to investigate the mainstreaming process of women through government interventions. First the study analyzes the relationship between state and gender and then it gone through different government programmes and clubs them in different categories.

The aim of the present study is to find out the attitude of higher secondary students towards pursing education in government colleges, Vellore district. Survey method was employed on a sample of 300 college students. Data was analyzed by t-test. Results found that there is significant difference in attitude towards pursuing education of government college students with respect to their gender and area. Finding also indicated that there is no significant difference in attitude towards pursuing education of government college students in terms of type of family.

The trend of insurance companies shifting from a product-focused view to a customer-focused one has been developing recently as insurance products become increasingly hard to differentiate in fiercely competitive markets. Insurance companies in India are consequently directing their strategies towards increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty through improved service quality.This paper attempts to explain desirable for insurance companies to develop a customer centric approach for future survival and growth. It also throws light on the problems and issues in giving quality services process by insurance sectors, it also presents some possible solutions to the problems.

Media and entertainment industry plays a crucial role in the development of an economy in the present scenario the importance of this industry is increasing rapidly. Profitability analysis of this industry is an important task as we and all directly and individually related with this industry. Present study is an attempt to analysis the profitability of media and entertainment with special reference to New Delhi television ltd from the year 2006-07 to 2015-16 with ratio analysis. It was found that advertisement income of the company contributed from than 60% of the total income during the study period and the net profit is fluctuating during the study period.

The present paper attemptsto examine the problem solving skill of students from low- socio economic backgrounds (Marginalized) of eighth standard from SSC board. The study adopted a two stage sampling technique. The total sample for the study was 320 students studying in eighth standard were selected from aided school in Mumbai city. The methodology of the present study was of an experiment type. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design of the pre-test- post-test, non-equivalent groups. The intervention programme included lessons on problem solving skill. The statistical technique used for the quantitative data analysis was ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance). The findings of the study shows that there is a significant difference in the post – test scores students on their problem solving of control and experimental group after partialling out the effect of pre-test scores. The mean scores of experimental group are significantly higher than the mean scores of control group. The Life Skills Education Programme was effective in enhancing problem solving of marginalized students. The effect size of the treatment on problem solving was 0.72 that is moderate.

“Library Consortia” refers to co-operation, co-ordination and collaboration between and among libraries for the purpose sharing information resources. Libraries today are facing increasing demands for services while struggling with the challenges such as the rise in the information resources, high cost of library materials, high expectations from users, budget cuts and much more. Library consortia are created to help libraries obtain better prices by buying joint access for a greater number of users, expanding access to print and electronic collections and developing new services to meet their users needs.

Vegetables provide vital protective nutrients like vitamins and minerals in the balanced diet of human beings. It is not an exaggeration to say that there is no human being in the world who does not consume vegetables. Besides, vegetable cultivation is more labour intensive and remunerative for small and marginal farmers. Despite its utility, vegetable cultivation, consumption and marketing in India remain a relatively neglected aspect. Though India is the second largest country in terms of production of vegetables in the world, the average per capita intake of vegetables is much below the requirements of a balanced diet. This is mainly due to severe handicaps associated with production and marketing of vegetables. The production problems include low productivity, traditional cultivation practices etc.

The small scale industries play a vital role in the growth of the country. It contributes almost 40% of the gross industrial value added in the Indian economy. By less capital intensive and high labour absorption nature, SSI sector has made significant contribution to employment generation and also rural industrialization. Under the changing economic scenario, SSI has to face number of diverse problems like vast population, large scale un-employment and underemployment and scarcity of capital resources and the like. Hence, the government has been providing some special facilities through different policies and programmes to overcome the problems and for the growth and development of small scale industries. The efforts of the government have resulted in the phenomenal increase in the number of units in the small scale sector.

A split ring resonator based metamaterial structure is designed, simulated, and investigated as a biosensor in this article for efficient detection of breast cancer. In our proposed resonator structure we can see a remarkable high shifting in resonance frequencies peaks shows us to detect the normal and various cancer cells and also shows us the low shifting between cells. We have obtained the resonance frequency value as 0.601THz with an attenuation of -30dB from the simulated results which allow us to detect cancer cell in terahertz range and obtained the sensitivity of the biosensor of the biological molecules equal to 0.058 THz (58 GHz) and along with this the specific absorption rate is obtained in the THz region by means of extensive finite element method (FEM) using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3. By using mathematical interpolation based of fitting methods of the 4th and 5th order the variation of thickness of various breast cancer cells as function of resonance frequencies peaks were plotted by using Matlab software. In this paper, we have also introduced Nicolson Ross-Weir method (NRW) method to achieve negative electrical permittivity and negative magnetic permeability in a split ring resonator based metamaterial in the THz region .Our simulation outcomes indicate a remarkable high sensor functionality of the SRR biosensor devices. Finally, we showed that the metamaterial based split ring resonator sensor possesses much higher sensitivity to detect cancer cells for cancer diagnosis.

The American advertising director William Bernbach says that “Good Advertising does not just circulate information. It penetrates the public mind with desires and belief”. Therefore social media is a digital platform to advertise the products and services which reach the nook and corner of the world. The advertisement creates awareness about arrival of a particular product and services among the general public who has a purchase power and they are willing to purchase to satisfy the human wants. Most of the developing countries, particularly in India, people are frequently using social media for chat, comment, sharing information and watching advertisements. With the advent of technology, the social media is like a virus which spreads nook and corner of the world through smart phones, laptops and personal computers which are connected to the internet. Hence the manufactures of the product or service are connected and understand the wave lines of the customers via social media. The marketers use this platform as a weapon to target people particularly youngsters, through contemporary advertising methods like the banner advertisement, flash advertisement, coupons, multimedia messaging services picture and video advertisements. This study gives an explanation on the perception of youngsters towards social media advertisements. The data was collected with the help of well- structured questionnaire. Convenient sampling method was used to represent 120 respondents from the population in Kanyakumari district. The result of the analysis indicates that majority of the respondents access Facebook through their smartphones for watching advertisements. 4.2 (mean score) respondents made use of social media for getting product information and they are in the age group of 17-20 years and also that they are motivated by their friends to watch advertisements. This paper also gives some suggestions to the advertisers to capture the young consumers.

Self help groups play an important role in the development of micro enterprises. SHGs entrepreneurs collect subscriptions from lower and middle class sections to invest in productive economic activities. Creating employment opportunity, marketing knowledge, making adequate financial supports and developing entrepreneurial skills are the indicators of women empowerment. Only the quality product can meet the challenges in the present market. For meeting this situation SHGs need to upgrade their product standards as well as market product at a competitive prices. Banks, NGOs and different government agencies have to play a very important role in educating the SHGs Women entrepreneurs to achieve women empowerment and creating welfare among the women members.

In today’s busy world internet banking plays an important role in banking industry. In this paper, an attempt has been made to find out the customer satisfaction of internet banking with reference to private and private sector banks in Coimbatore district. .A sample of 200 respondents were conveniently selected from Coimbatore District. The selected samples are analyzed using simple percentage and Friedman’s ranking test. The study concludes that most of the public sector bank customers are satisfied with the transfer funds between their accounts and most of the private sector customers are satisfied with the transfer funds to a third party.

The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of different combination of yogic technique on strength endurance, flexibility and anxiety among diploma in elementary education students. For this purpose, 45 women students studying I and II year in the District Institute of Education and Training, Krishnagiri were selected as subjects. The age of the subjects were ranged from 19 to 21 years. They were divided into three equal groups, each group consisted of fifteen subjects, in which experimental group - I underwent asana and pranayama with relaxation technique, experimental group - II underwent asana and pranayama with meditation technique and group - III acted as control that did not participate in any special activities apart from their regular curricular activities. The training period for the study was five days (Monday to Friday) in a week for twelve weeks. Prior and after the experimental period, the subjects were tested on strength endurance, flexibility and anxiety. Strength endurance was assessed by conducting sit-ups test, flexibility was assessed by sit and reach test and anxiety was tested by the help of SCAT testing tool. The Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to find out any significant difference between the experimental groups and control group on selected criterion variables. The result of the study shows that the asana and pranayama with relaxation technique group and asana and pranayama with meditation technique group were increased the strength endurance and flexibility and decreased the anxiety significantly. It was concluded from the results of the study that asana and pranayama with relaxation technique group and asana and pranayama with meditation technique group has bring positive changes in strength endurance, flexibility and anxiety as compare to the control group. Moreover it was also concluded that there was no significant difference was found between the experimental groups on all criterion variables.

Bharati Mukherjee, an Indian born American novelist, is a feminine singer in Indian Diaspora. Her novel extracts the cross cultural everyday experiences faced by her different women with various images in her novels. Even Mukherjee had some difficulties to adopt the native culture, customary traditions, civilization and all that. The quest for rootlessness and search for self identity are the major- themes of the novel The Tiger’s Daughter. Another interesting aspect of Indian English fiction is many Indian women writers like Anita Desai, Kiran Desai, Shoba De, Jumpha Lahiri, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni and Bharati Mukherjee have made it possible to speak of women in Indian English fiction. This paper intrinsically and elaborately portrays the past and present position of women and the problems they face in their motherland as well as in abroad.

he Lead Bank Scheme provides leadership in initiating, streamlining and accelerating the process of development of the respective district by invoking cooperation of other banks and by maintaining continuous liaison with Government and Quasi Government agencies. This is an empirical study based on the data collected from both primary and secondary sources. The secondary data for the study were collected from the annual reports of Tirunelveli District Lead Bank, RBI bulletins, Government Publications, Journals, Newspapers, Magazines and also from unpublished thesis on the subject of the Lead Bank Schemes. The primary data for the study were collected from the bank officials of the public sector banks in Tirunelveli District. The Structured questionnaire was used to get the opinions from the bank officials regarding the functioning of Lead Bank in Tirunelveli District. For primary data collection, the questionnaire for bank officials was prepared and it was used to ascertain the opinion of bank officials regarding the operation of the Lead Bank Scheme in Tirunelveli District and the problems faced by them in implementing the district credit plan. In Tirunelveli District, the officials of banks have better understanding of the scope of and objectives of the lead bank scheme. The lead bank officers simply act as the coordinator and he is not given with adequate authority in the collection of data, preparation of credit plans and in linking the various government subsidy programmes. It is found in this study that there is an adequate co-operation between the bank branches and the lead bank officer in implementing the credit plans in the District. There is also an adequate co-operation between the bank branches and the District and block level authorities in implementing the credit plans.

Industrialisation has been recognised as one of the important factors for the economic development of the country. For starting an industry, an entrepreneur needs facilities like land, labour, raw-materials, capital, power, machinery, transport and communication, and marketing facilities. Even though these facilities are available in plenty the entrepreneurs of Tirunelveli district hesitate to start industries in Tirunelveli district. The present study aims at identifying the problems relating to production, marketing and government factors affecting the industrial development of Tirunelveli district and finding ways and means to eradicate the industrial backwardness. This study is mainly exploratory in nature and covers the entire district. This study, mainly exploratory in nature, is based on survey method. Primary data were collected from the field directly, that is, from industrial entrepreneurs with the help of an interview schedule. Secondary data were collected from books, reports, journals and unpublished documents from District Industries Centre (D.I.C.), Tamilnadu Industrial Investment Corporation, Department of Statistics, Govt. of Tamilnadu, Indian Overseas Bank (I.O.B.) the lead Bank of Tirunelveli district. A number of discussions were also held with knowledgeable persons in the field of industry, agriculture and business. It is concluded that lack of government support to make the timely availability of raw materials, frequent failure of power supply, high absenteeism and labour turnover are the other impediments at the production front. Similarly inadequate and untimely financial assistance to small scale industries’, poor working capital management of the units and absence of specialized services in consultancy and training are found to be the other constraints faced by them.

The present study is explored to find out the relationship between thinking ability and academic achievement in English of high school students. A random sample of 300 students is selected in Thanjavur District. Data is analyzed by t-test and correlation coefficient. Result revealed that there is significant relationship between thinking ability and academic achievement in English of high school students. Finding also showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students in terms of thinking ability and academic achievement in English.

In a global and knowledge based age, a teacher has to enhance students’ appetite for more knowledge and variety of skills to cater to global demands. For the Development of the Knowledge and skills in a teacher, required changes have to be made in the instructions, at the teacher training level. These instructions generate new ideas and abilities in a student trainee. The instructions have to be simple and practical and have to inspire Teachers, who are required to bring changes into classroom teaching and learning. During last few decades there has been a radical change in teaching approaches compared to earlier; as a result, today we are very much conscious of using various teaching strategies at all the levels to convince the learners and create interest in learning. The present study reveals that collaborative teaching strategy for the improvement of Science Education at the Higher Primary School students of Raichur City is a welcome idea, and collaborative learning strategy has the potentiality of enhancing low ability students academic performance in Science and math’s at higher primary school level.

The term ‘Development’, in a general context would mean as a process of maximising human potential. Similarly, education is also commonly defined as a realisation of human potential. While education is considered as an important factor in the process of development, progress of educational status is considered as an important indicator of development itself. However, education in a broader sense would involve the process of acquiring the knowledge and skills, appropriate in a particular situation and cultural context, in order to put into its maximum use for productive and creative purposes, in the progress of a particular individual and society.

The present study entitled “A study of Poverty alleviation Rural Development Measures in Bihar had been conducted to explore the role of S.G.S.Y. in the upliftment of the rural poor. The aim of the study was to find out the gaps and inconsistencies in the implementation of the programmes, with special reference to the selection of beneficiaries, sanction of loans, disbursement of loans, the adjustment of subsidies, and the repayment of loans. The study was conducted on 150 beneficiaries spread in districts in the State of Bihar. The beneficiaries were selected through random sampling method. There data for the study were collected through interview schedule, field observation and informal talks with the beneficiaries. In brief like so many rural developmental programmes of the past the SGSY is also developing lacunae, during its implementation. The programme was basically designed to benefit the poorest of the poor in the rural areas. But, as the study shows, the identification of the poor for this programme is full of mal-practices of developmental bureaucracy, unscrupulous officials and self-seeking village middlemen.

Drama is a Method of Teaching proposed by Fannie and George Shaftel (1967). Drama is a technique in which students are presented with a real or artificial environment and they are exposed with some kind of case or situation and they need to exhibit the same in form of roles. The present study attempts to apply Fannie and George Shaftel (1967) Model to the Teaching of English Language. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of drama method of teaching and achievement in learning English language among standard nine students at Coimbatore district. Experimental method was employed to study the effectiveness of drama method of teaching and achievement in learning English language among standard nine students. For this study a sample of 50 ninth standard school students were selected by the investigators using stratified random sampling technique. The findings reveal that there is no significant mean score difference between Control group and Experimental Group gain scores on the achievement in English language among Standard ninth students.

Through using video in teaching English language, the students become interested in learning. As far as this study is concerned the videos constitute all types of educational videos to facilitate English language leaning. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of using videos and achievement in English language of standard nine student at Coimbatore district. The investigators adopted Experimental method to study effectiveness of using videos and achievement in English language of standard nine students. For this study a sample of 50 ninth standard school students from in Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu were selected by the investigators using stratified random sampling technique. The findings reveal that that there is a significant mean score difference between Control group and Experimental Group on the achievement in English language among Standard ninth students.

Policing is an occupation that come with lots of responsibility, order, commitment and stress. Though no occupation in this world can escape stress, policing has no excuse to keep way stress which impacts their life style. The stress can have a major negative impact on the lives of police (Beshears, 2017). People have different ways of reacting to stress, a situation that feels stressful to one person may be motivating to other. It is complex concept especially with occupation. Many of the life’s demands can cause stresses, particularly work, relationships and financial problems. Stress affects the life of individual as well as the society. Police wing is one of the vital organ in the Criminal Justice System and considered guardian of the public. Due to the nature of work, their life is more sacrificial and stressful. Due to stress, police officers are losing their attitude, nature, character and sometime their life. This paper reports the results of the in-depth study carried out with police personnel housed at the police station in the city of Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. The very purpose of this was understood the level of stress among the police officer and control level of stress among them.

Someone connected with a job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education and does this as a paid job rather than as a hobby. The study aimed to examine the professional ethics of teachers among higher secondary school teachers in Coimbatore district. The investigators adopted normative survey method to study the professional ethics of teachers. For this study a sample of 200 higher secondary school teachers from nine Govt and Private schools which are situated in and around Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu were selected by the investigators using stratified random sampling technique. The findings reveal that there is a significant influence of professional ethics of teachers among higher secondary schools teachers in Coimbatore district.

In the present study an attempt is made by the investigators to study the Career Maturity of Higher Secondary Students in Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India. Random Sampling Technique was used to compose a sample of 1035 Higher Secondary Students. Mean, Standard Deviation and t values were calculated for the analysis of data. The result revealed that the Gender and Medium of instruction had no significant difference but, Locality of the school exhibited significant difference in respect of their Career maturity of Higher Secondary Students.

Man always looks upon delight and entertainment. One of such ways of seeking pleasure is the travelling to various destinations, enjoy with nature and satisfy his mental happiness. Such type of travel with pleasure and entertainment can be termed as Tourism. When tourism is hosted with much care and responsibility by the host country so as to provide better facilities for the travellers, it came to be known as Responsible Tourism.It envisages a responsible travel towards destinations that conserves the environment and sustains the wellbeing of the local community. The state is so suitable and conducive that it provides and ideal setting to practice responsible tourism due to the availability of plenty of natural resources, science beauty, rich composite culture, supportive local community, cooperative local self-governments, vibrant media and responsible management of tourism destinations.The practice of responsible tourism consists of various kinds of responsibilities like social, economic and environmental responsibilities. The aim of this Article is to help policy makers adopt program to turn responsible tourism to the best of its kind in the country with responsible approach.

The Faust Legend proves to be a very popular theme among creative writers for centuries. Its universal appeal leads it to lend itself to an abundance of interpretations; as a result, it does not only survive as a well-known legend capturing the popular imagination for more than four centuries, but also has undergone generic and thematic transformations many a time. Writers of different epochs across all geographical boundaries have tried their hands to re-write the same story from their own different perspectives and presented it in many different formats. Every such time the story thus in a way has been re-created. Whenever, it is thus re-written, what we get is quite obviously not the same thing as the old legend from the sixteenth century; rather we are then presented with what one may call a kind of ‘ palimpsest ‘, a new writing superimposed on the (partly) effaced impression of the previous one(s). Naturally such a process always leads to create layers of writing, where the signification of the topmost layer always becomes bound to include within it the effect of the erased writing(s).

Microfinance is powerful weapon to remove the poverty in the country like India. Micro finance initiatives like the SHG-Bank linkage programme, in India has been increasingly promoted for their positive impact on women empowerment. The major objectives of paper are: to analyze and review the available literature on the area of Microfinance and the Self Help Groups (SHG) in India and to analyze the impact of SHG on women empowerment in Haveri district of Karnataka. As for this study as a part of the primary data collection, a sample (random) of 50 women respondents were selected out of 11 SHG’s operating in the district of Haveri. The data was collected during the period May and June, 2018. I have collected the secondary data through various research papers, articles, and from different websites. The analyzed findings proved that positive impact on women empowerment in Haveri district, Karnataka through self help groups, in terms of increase in social awareness and participation, savings habits, income level, self employment, asset creation, repayment of other debts, improvement in decision making skills and improved nutrition level at their household.

The Parsis, the follower of the prophet Zoroaster of ancient Iran,migrated to India in the 8th to 10th century A.D, seeking refuge when Iran was conquered by Muslim invaders. The fall of the Parsi empire resulted in the disintegration of the entire civilization, culture and religion.These people who had come to India with urn containing their sacred fires,the symbol of their faith,were known as ‘Parsis’ after the Iranian province of ‘Pars’. Firdaus kanga is an Indian born Parsi novelist as well as an actor who now lives in London. His novel Trying to Grow (1990) is semi autobiographical and set in urban India, about Daryus Kotwal (Brit), the protagonist’s growth from childhood to adulthood. Daryus Kotwal, the Parsi boy who is, afflicted with a crippling disease called Osteogenesis Imperfecta, which causes his bones to be brittle and confined him life long to a wheel chair. The novel is set in and very humorously describes the Parsi community in Bombay. This paper will focus on the Parsi community, culture, customs, rituals, identity, fear of extinction among the Parsi in the post Independent India.

Education is the most important lever for social, economic and political transformation. A well-educated population, equipped with the relevant knowledge, attitudes and skills is essential for economic and social development in the twenty-first century. The Government of India is involved in a large number of programmes in sectors/area such as education, health, labour, skill development etc. that are in the State List through operation of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) and provision of Central Assistance to State Governments. These programmes essentially arose from the above national objectives and cut across State boundaries. The CSSs are operationalized by Central Ministries based on scheme specific guidelines and are implemented by State Governments. The CSSs are implemented to achieve social objectives like poverty reduction, improving health services, raising food production etc. It is in this context that the present study is undertaken to measure and find out the significant differences to identify the awareness of the new schemes of the union government among female arts and science college students in Madurai district in terms of certain independent variables. Data were collected from 300 students. The collected data were subjected to ‘t-test’ between the means of large independent variables. Hypotheses were verified, meaningful conclusions drawn and educational implications worked out. Though this research is a small step it is expected that it would make a significant contribution to the economic well being of the students.

Politics’ is often defined in very narrow terms as the electoral participation in a democracy. The varied activities that are performed by a person in an elected position or as part of the voters’ duty, are defined as political participation. This is because such a participation is expected to be the spring-board of decision-making in the public sphere which in turn, is denoted as power. Politics being a game of power, and power being the deciding factor in moulding relations in society, an individual’s role in politics, and the nature and extent of her/his participation is vital to her/his position in, and contribution to society. While the value and impact of women’s participation in voting and the pattern of their exercise of this power cannot be underestimated, women’s participation, impact and role in other political activities are equally important. These are ongoing activities and are pursued even during the inter-election period; their cumulative effect influences the policies; manifestoes, campaign issues, campaign methods and techniques, and, above all, the choice of candidates by the parties in the electoral fray.

In this era of Information and Communication Technology, it is indeed interesting to know how much is the digital format being accepted by the agricultural community, especially the women. Digital Media is a storehouse of everything and anything under the Sun, hence it is serving to be a great support for the masses for information seeking related activities. Through this study, the researcher wanted to find out the reach of ICT tools among the women farmers. The study has been done using questionnaire to understand the level of ICT Skills the women farmers have and their extent in farming activities.

The study aimed in assessing tax audit practice and challenges in Gamo Goffa zone Revenue Authority (SNNPR, Ethiopia). Mixed research approach and descriptive research design was employed. For this study, the researchers employed descriptive survey using the fact that a descriptive research design is used to describe the data and characteristic about what is being studied. Self-administered Questionnaires and interview were used to collects the data. Descriptive method of analysis is employed and descriptive presentation methods such as tables, charts, graphs and percentages are used for presenting the findings of the study. The result of the study revealed that the Revenue Authority of Gamo Goffa zone (SNNPR, Ethiopia) extensively use comprehensive types of audit. Due to this the audit coverage of the revenue authority was too low, cases were selected based on associated risk but not used the standard risk identification criteria as of business process Re-engineering. The Authority was not performing the audit work in predetermine time. Generally, the revenue authority was not performing tax audit according to the standards required by government. Audit Case selections were made only based on associated compliance risk. The Revenue Authority of Gamo Goffa zone not fully used automated risk score system and previous case selection system (random selection). There is no reference tax modalities for auditor and the staff to holding this position.

The article proposes and intends to recount the rights and development of woman in the Ambedkars view. The first part deals with introduction. Dr.B.R. Ambedkar the great personalitys women emancipation and empowerment. The second part deals with Objectives and the Status of Womens Development in the eve of postIndependence period women are the victims of social, political, religious, and economic subordination and deprivation in Indian society. The third part deals with the Dr. Ambedkar role in women rights. Were many leaders fought for the Womens Rights in India but Babasaheb was framed women rights in Indian constitution. The fourth part of deals Dr.Bhimrao Ambedkar framed many laws for Women in India as follows Women Labour Protection Act and Maternity Benefit for women, Labour bill Divorce Act Right over parental Property ,Leave Benefit to Piece Workers. The last fifth part deals with women liberation to women rights in Indian constitution and conclusion.

Calcium is an essential nutrient required for numerous biological functions. Studies have demonstrated an association between low calcium intake and chronic diseases, such as osteoporosis, colon cancer, hypertension, and obesity. However, most Brazilians do not meet the adequate intake for calcium. This review focuses on the endogenous (age, hormonal state) and exogenous (phytate, oxalate, sodium, bioactive compounds and vitamin D) factors that can influence calcium absorption. The main methods used for evaluating calcium absorption and bioavailability.

Exercise has shown to improve health prospects in various ways. Yogic practices significantly contribute for healthful living. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of physical exercises and yogic practices on VO2 max and Breath holding time of college boys. The subjects (n=60) were randomly assigned to three equal groups of twenty into each group. The experimental groups participated in their respective physical exercises and yogic practices for a period of six weeks. The results proved that physical exercises group and yogic practices group significantly improved VO2 max and Breath holding time (P<0.05). Yogic practices group was found to be better than physical exercises group in improving Breath holding time. It was concluded that yogic practices can be to improve their VO2 max and Breath holding time among college boys.

This paper focus on brain based learning used as a tool for effective learning goals. In this present era, it is a central theme of argument in educational field. The concept of brain based learning deals with the subject of Educational Psychology which is the most important things in learning process. Brain based learning is influenced to developed cognitive thinking of learners as brain is the basic tool of learning process. It is related with the factors of environmental factors, social factors forchanging behavior of learners. Brain based learning occurred from birth to death of learners. Structure and function of the brain helps to developed ability of learning process to the children. Similarly meaningful learning can developed cognitive and emotional activities of the learners. So meaningful learning might not be happened without brain based learning or cognitive facilities of the brain. This paper exhibits how brain based learning developed learning process in the classroomeffectively.

In the modern fast phased arena, it can be difficult to get the right work-life balance, where it focuses on a comfortable state of equilibrium achieved between an employee’s primary priorities of their employment position and their private lifestyle. Most psychologists would agree that the demands of an employee’s career should not overwhelm the individual’s ability to enjoy a satisfying personal life outside of the business environment. An improved or a better quality of work life brings a sense of satisfaction to employees towards their work. In this conceptual paper the researcher had made an attempt to identify, the various factors to be considered to improve quality of Work-Life balance of an employee or a worker such as Work Environment, Health & Safety, Job Security, Job Satisfaction, Job Stress, and Human Relations.

Science interest is necessary for pupils to pursue Science Education. Without having sizeable amount of interest, one cannot have Science Education properly and of course even one cannot adjust in daily life. Acquiring of Interest in Science knowledge and scientific outlook are the two main objectives of teaching of science. The students of today are the youths of tomorrow and future citizens of the country, therefore it is their responsibility to see that they are physically, mentally, emotionally and educationally healthy. The present study has been done so as to study the science interest test of the higher secondary students. Random sampling technique has been used in the selection of the sample. As many as 200 higher secondary students were selected for this purpose and Science Interest test were distributed to them and their responses were collected and computed according to the objectives framed. Results found that majority of the higher secondary students showed average level of science interest and the same trend has been seen in respect of the sub-samples too.

To become a bhikkhu, a man being at least twenty years of age needs to leave his house, go forth, and live in a state of homelessness.He is entering a new mode of living, a life of striving hard to abandon all impurities in order to attain liberation (Nibbana). Even though the process of liberation goes through the mind, during the time of striving towards the goal the body takes an important part in the bhikkhu’s life as well. To sustain his body in good conditions, a bhikkhu is allowed to use four requisites: clothing (civara), alms-food (pindapata), temple (senasana), and medicines in case of illness (gilanappaccayabhesajjapparikkhara). In this essay, the term senasan will be translated as lodging.

Modern writers have always challenged the conventions of the narrative by doing away with the notions of narrator and plot; there are still elements of the story in every piece of literature ever written. Narrative actually predates literature in the sense that oral storytelling has been a part of every culture of humans that ever-had verbal communication. The writers have been excessively using these techniques to highlight their piece of art. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is a renowned poet, short story writer and novelist securing a high position in world literature. Being an exceptionally creative writer, she uses her ingenious faculties with exceptional insight and displays a remarkable range and her forte of narrative captures the diasporic pulse of her readers.

This study investigated single parenting and adolescents’ adjustment problems. 3 research questions and 3 research hypotheseswere designed and formulated for the purpose of the study. The research design for the study was descriptive survey. A samplesize of one thousand (1000) respondents were drawn from adolescents who have single parents living in Nipani and Chikodi townsin Karnataka State. Instrument for data collection was an adapted version of Reynolds‘s adolescent adjustment screeninginventory. Mean, standard deviation and Independent samples t-test were used for the data analyses. The result of the studyshowed that irrespective of gender, location, and SES, there was no statistically significant influence of single parenting onadolescents adjustment problems. Conclusion and recommendations were made.

Using celebrities to endorsing the brand or product is the most popular advertising technique used around the world for the decades. This technique is wide popular in television media and we all know that it is the most powerful medium among the people. This technique has given huge marketing strategies and rise in sales for almost all the brands and issince popular and used. But in recent period of time it can be seen that some brand or product has been endorsed by the owner itself. Especially this trend has been started in Tamil television advertisement. In other side it is quite surprise which is accepted and reached the mass audience effectively where it means to give added trust worth in buying decision of the consumer and image to that particular brand or product directly in the market. Hence there were only four advertisements has started this trend: VASANTH & CO, LALITHAA JEWELLERY, AACHI MASALA and NEW SARAVANNA STORES, the researcher consider this advertisements as sample and undergone survey with 200 people for qualitative data collection to narrate the differences in the visual depiction and endorsement techniques used in the advertisements. Therefore this research focuses on brief study on this new trendin TVadvertisement and its impact among Coimbatore audience.

Harold Pinter, a Nobel Prize winning British dramatist began to write after experiencing the horror of two World Wars. After observing the huge loss of life and property caused by these two World Wars Pinter was greatly moved by it and it seemed to him as if the world has transformed into a heap of broken images. And here lies the root of writing absurd drama. He made his debut in the absurd dramatic world with the brought out of the absurd drama The Room in 1957 and in the same year he wrote his masterpiece The Birthday Party. This paper strives to explore the delineation of verbal violence and the suppression of the female characters in the play The Birthday Party, which is replete with verbal violence. Verbal violence has become one of the most important tools for the post modern dramatists to make the people understand the condition of the people after the two successive great World Wars. This paper also highlights the affect of verbal violence on the victim of verbal violence. Apart from it, this paper also focuses light on the craftsmanship of Harold Pinter in whose hand women are still playing the role like a puppet.

Drought in India is the common phenomena which has Disturb Indian economy mainly in the agricultural field. Last year that is 2014-15 there was the severe drought in Indi mainly in Maharashtra which resulted into the total loss of grains, many farmers where force were into suicides due to indepthness. This made vivid picture of the economic instability of the Indian farmers caused by the drought.

The purpose of this study used to be to check out the relationship between cash holdings and the quality of internal control over financial reporting of listed companies in the Bombay Stock Exchange. In order to achieve the targets of this study, three hypotheses have been developed. In order to test this hypothesis, a sample of fifty-five listed corporations in the Bombay Stock Exchange at some point of the years 2009 to 2017 have been selected the use of the playoff systematic sampling. The improved money drift was the impartial variable and the structured variable was defined as the pleasant of financial reporting. In addition to optimized money flow, representing the variable prices as a moderating variable and the companys measurement and financial leverage were viewed as the control variable. For hypothesis testing, multivariate regression analysis was used to panel statistics and information was once analyzed using the software program Meanwhile Eviews7. The effects of statistical analysis and hypothesis testing indicated that there was once an extensive relationship between cash holdings and the first-rate of internal manage over economic reporting. Financial reporting had a good sized relationship with the highquality of inner manager of the cost. In addition, there was once a relationship between the cash holdings and the excellent of internal manage over monetary reporting.

Visual media is communication through a visual aid is described as the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be read or looked upon. Visual media in part or whole relies on vision and is primarily presented or expressed with two dimensional images, it includes signs, typography, drawing, graphic design, illustration, industrial design, advertising, animation color and electronic resources. It also explores the idea that a visual message accompanying text has a greater power to inform, educate or persuade a person or audience. The Indian activists used visual media networks such as face book, twitter, you tube and weblogs as tools for organizing and generating awareness of political mobilization. Visual media allows politicians and political parties a method to connect directly with people across the country at a reduced cost. In this paper it has been tried to bring out a clear status of role of visual media in political mobilization in India.

Milk is an essential commodity, which is inevitable in our day-today life. Hardly is any human being who does not taste milk throughout his life. The days were gone when milk can be purchased only from milk vendors. In these days when almost all items are sold in readymade forms in packets and milk is no more exception. It can be purchased at any time from a grocery shop. It is also good from health point of view as it is purified and the cholesterol content is removed from it. Several brands are available in the form of packet milk. MPCDF is the apex organization at the top of 3 tier structure of dairy cooperatives in Madhya Pradesh. Underneath there are 5 autonomous regional co-operative milk unions comprising of more than one district. Milk Unions have chilling centers, dairy plants, powder plants and cattle feed plants at different locations. In turn, several village level dairy co-operative societies which procure raw milk and send it to the nearest chilling centre/dairy plant function under each milk union. MPCDF involves in the marketing of different types of milk in different pack sizes (Full cream milk, Standard milk, toned milk, double toned milk, skimmed milk etc.) and Indigenous fresh milk products (ghee, flavored milk, butter milk, shreekhand, sweet curd, mattha, dahi, lassi, peda, chakka, mawa, Paneer etc.) under the brand name of "Sanchi". The study is an attempt to understand and predict consumer behavior. These in formations can play a great role in future market potentials of packet milk. Dairy industry in India is fast growing and expanding one. Studies on consumer behavior in regard to Sanchi milk will definitely help in its future growth and development in the right direction. In this project entitled “analysis of consumer behavior in regard to Sanchi milk in Indore city (M.P.)”, is an attempt is made to study the consumer behavior in Indore city.

India is drawing the world’s attention, not only because of its population explosion but also because of its prevailing as well as emerging health profile and profound political, economic and social transformations. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. Health is an important aspect of human life. Non- availability of health facilities and poor economic condition leaves poor in pathetic condition. Poverty not only pulls back families economically but it effects on their social condition. Families those are below poverty line face many problems. Poverty also has a bad impact on the education, health and basic services. Government is spending lot of money in providing health facilities to rural poor but still that efforts are not sufficient. Primary health centre are unable to reach poor families due to many reasons. Unawareness about the health and non-availability of facilities, many of rural families spend lot of money on the health. Addiction is also reason for the poor health of rural people. Researcher studied the health status of BPL families from the Shirgaon village. Present study is descriptive in nature. There are 60 BPL families in the Shirgaon village and researcher taken the same as sample. The primary data has been collected by using the structured interview schedule. Study argues that families from the poverty line are not aware about the health and hygiene and it is the main reason for the poor condition of the health. It has also been found that they are expending money in local private hospital instead of the government primary health centre. Low education and limited access to resources keep them away from the government scheme and programme regards to health. It is an urgent need to aware rural poor about sanitation, personal hygiene, and proper drainage system, safety of drinking water and about the government facilities available to them.

Pharma, food companies, health care operations and media plays vital role for social, economic and human development. Indian pharmaceutical companies are playing major role by supplying generic drugs to the world. Liquidity is one of the factor which determines the financial health of a firm. In this article an attempt is made to identify and measure liquidity positions of top five pharmaceutical companies which are working in India. The data used for the study is secondary and collected from annual reports of selected pharmaceuticals companies over a period of five years. For analyzing the liquidity of the firms various ratios such as Current, Quick, Inventory turnover, finished goods turnover and Debtors turnover ratios and their mean standard deviation are used. Working capital estimation was done based on the length operating cycle. Single factor ANOVA test of Current Ratio and Return on Assets and Regression statistics tests are conducted to analyze their significance and co-relation between Current ratio and Return on asset. The result of the study shows that the selected pharmaceutical companies are maintained satisfactory working capita during the study period, there is significance difference in mean values and weak positive linear co-relationship found in between Current Ratio and Return on Asset at five percent significance level.

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is an important framework for mapping and sharing of spatial big data across the web. Integration of SDI with cloud computing lead to emergence of Cloud SDI model as a tool for processing, transmission and analysis of spatial health data. Cloud computing is a paradigm where computing are employed on web to increase the throughput and reduce latency at the edge of the clients. In this study, a Cloud SDI model named GeoCloud4Health has been proposed and evaluated for mining analytics from spatial health data. It is built on a prototype using QGIS open source software. SDI can offer a real time and dynamic way to represent information through maps and related data. Here, a case study on malaria vector borne disease positive cases and that of number of deaths from spatial district level maps of Maharashtra state in India, from 2001 to 2014. The proposed model, besides visualization it executed overlay analysis and delivery of value added spatial information and outputs. The results of the present research work have shown the efficacy of using open source tools in the proposed framework which is modular, distributive and flexible for enhanced analysis of spatial health data in cloud computing environment.

TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and its photocatalytic activity was tested for the degradation of Methyl Orange. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by means of XRD which demonstrated that TiO2 is in anatase phase with average crystallite size of 11 nm. TEM images of TiO2 nanocrystalline which reveals that particles are pseudo spherical in shape with 11 nm size which is in good agreement with the results obtained from XRD. The chemical composition and valence states of TiO2 were investigated by XPS. The results clearly indicate that both Ti has quadrivalent oxidation state. UV-Vis DRS show that the TiO2 leads to slight redshift in the optical response. Morphology and elemental analysis of the nanoparticles was carried out by SEM and EDS respectively. The FT-IR analysis was ascribed to Ti-O-Ti stretching modes of vibration in the range of 900-400cm-1 . The rate of recombination and transfer behaviors of photoexcited electron-hole pairs in the semiconductors was observed by using PL spectroscopy. TGA-DTA pointed out TiO2 nanoparticles are thermally stable. Moreover, to know the applicability of synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles, they are employed for the degradation of Methyl Orange. In order to achieve the maximum photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MO , a series of experiments were carried out such as the effect of pH, irradiation sources (Sunlight and UV light) and photocatalyst loading. As synthesized TiO2 photocatalyst is found to be efficient for the degradation of both MO dye. A 98% photodegradation efficiency towards MO was achieved under sunlight at optimal conditions within 210 min. (20 ppm MO, pH=3, 1.0 g/dm3 ).

In this present day life of any town the solid waste management specially household waste management is a challenging issue for any municipal authority. To make the city or town clean from garbage disposal is a prime aim for them. To maintain the overall sustainable development of any town, scientific garbage disposal to the dumping ground is a major task for the responsible authorities. Giving a healthy environment to the town dwellers to live and making the air and water free from pollution is the success key for any municipal authority.

This research objectives is to examine the Social Intelligence among boys and girls. And another objectives is to examine the Social Intelligence among rural and urban students. Two hundred college students are selected for the study. Out of sample one hundred rural students and one hundred urban students are selected from Region of Solapur. Purposive sampling method used for the selection of the sample. Sample age range between 15 to 19 years. Social Intelligence Scale : N.K Chadha & Usha Ganesan, Social Intelligence Scale (SIS) is used. No significance difference among rural boys and rural girls on Social Intelligence. Results as , No significance difference among urban boys and urban girls on Social Intelligence. There is significance difference among rural and urban students in term of their Social Intelligence. Urban students have high Social Intelligence than rural students. There is significance difference among rural boys and urban boys in term of their Social Intelligence. Urban boys have high Social Intelligence than rural boys. There is significance difference among rural girls and urban girls in term of their Social Intelligence. Urban girls have high Social Intelligence than rural girls.

The attitude of the Quran and the early Muslims bear witness to the fact that woman is at least as vital to life as man himself, she is not inferior to him nor she is one of the lower species had it not been for the impact of foreign cultures and alien influences, this question would never arises among the Muslims. The status of women was taken for granted to be equal to that of man. It was matter of course, a matter of fact and no one then considered as problem at all.This distinction between equality and sameness is of paramount importance. Equality is desirable, just fair or not; but sameness is not .people are not created identical but they are created equals .with this distinction in mind, there isno room to imagine that woman is inferior to woman there is no ground to assume that she has less important than he just because her rights are not identical the same as his.

This paper shows the real time controlling of wheelchair by Bio signals (????????). Of late, the aged population & the patient of disablity in leg has increased substantially. The people who can not walk on their own use a conventional wheelchair which can be controlled by hands is used by the user with leg impairment only. It can also be controlled with the help of user interface by the user having severe impairment(arms & legs). The patient targated for this project are are Spinal cord injury(??????) with major contractures of major joints, Cerebrum Vascular Accident(??????) or stroke patient & Neurodegenerative spinal cord. An Automatic Wheelchair is made which work on the movement of hand i.e. forward, backward, left & right. ?????? signals are taken from the hand muscle that is Flexor carpi radialis muscle. Surface Electromyography (??????) signals are biomedical signals produced by the movement of muscles.The ???????? signals are acquired by Myware muscle sensor through Arduino ???????? 2560 and are processed using the ??????????????. The processing consists of feature extraction, classification and pattern recognization along with data logging of different subjects. The project includes designing a system that is capable of classifying ?????? signals for movement of different hand gestures. The classified output is used to control a wheelchair by acquiring the data from 10 subjects with different age groups and sex. The acquired EMG signals are used to train the system so that Automatic wheelchair can be made more reliable, accurate and efficient for its movements.

Edward Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? is indeed a modern classic in many ways. The present paper on this shocking classic attempts a random reading recalling the important reactions and responses to the play. All the readings of the play are obviously common observations and interpretations. Numerous reviews and research articles have been written on these lines. It is a campus tragedy; it is also an attack on the negative impact of the American dream on the lives of the common people; truly a thesis on marital disharmony. The play is a rich treasure house for many layers of interpretations. However, no studies have been attempted to see the ecological concerns of Albee hinted at in the play. Science and Technology contributed a lot to humanity’s healthy strides, at the same time resulting in alarming causative issues that threaten the very survival of humanity on earth. Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, while bringing to light the many maladies of the affluent modern world, attempts to suggest that Humanity will be safer with History than with Science.

The present study was an attempt to find out the multiple intelligence among eleventh standard students. The present investigation has adopted survey method to collect data.t-test was used for data analysis. Findings indicated that there is no significant difference in Multiple intelligence of eleventh standard students based on gender and medium of instruction.

This study is an attempt to find out the creativity of secondary level students in Chennai district. Survey method is conducted on a sample of 350 students studying IX standard. Verbal Test of Creative Thinking by Dr. Baques Mehdis (1973) is used for data collection. Data is analyzed by t-test. Results found that there is significant difference in creativity of IX standard students in terms of gender, medium of instruction, and type of management.

The present study was aimed to find out the psycho physical distress of student teachers. Survey method was conducted on a sample of 250 student teachers from Malappuram district. Pyscho-Physical Distress Scale by Dr. S.K. Varma, Dr. Dwaraka and Dr. N.N. Wig used for data collection. Data was analyzed by using t-test. Result found that there is no significant difference in psycho physical distress of student teachers with regard to age.

Aim of this research paper is to study technological developments (extent of bank computerization) in co-operative banks, different aspects affecting development of cooperative banks, problems and prospects of bank computerization, views of bank employees and customers on bank computerization, and different software solutions available for bank computerization.

This study is an attempt to find out the adjustment of higher secondary level students in Kancheepuram district. Survey method was conducted on a sample of 350 XI standard students. Adjustment Inventory by A.K.P. Sinha & R.P. Singh was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by t-test. Result found that there is significant difference in adjustment of XI standard students in terms of gender. Findings also indicated that there is no significant difference in adjustment of XI standard students with respect to medium of instruction and type of management.

O presente artigo objetiva a realização de um estudo e análise da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, tendo como tema “A Importância da PolÍtica Nacional de Resíduos sólidos, instituída pela Lei 12.305 para o Direito Ambiental e Conservação do Meio Ambiente”, ressaltando sua importância, seus objetivos, principais instrumentos e ganhos para os pais.

This study has been conducted on a sample of 100 secondary school students selected randomly from 10 schools of Badaun District. The main findings of the study exhibited significant difference between male and female secondary school students. Female students were found to possess more creative thinking as compared to that of male students. Further, significant difference was also found between rural and urban secondary school students on Creative thinking . No significant difference was found in creative thinking in regard to students’ Socio-economic status.

This study intended to examine the impact of learning style of woman students on scholastic achievement in different schools of senior secondary school of Odisha. The sample of the study selected through simple random sampling technique. The sample comprised of 300 senior secondary womamn students. The result of the study revealed that there is exist a significant positive relationship between learning style and scholastic achievement of senior secondary women students.

The paper will focus on sports interface with the health agenda in future challenges in sports & exercise. The primary advance of sports is, to a great extent, the contribution increasing physical activity. Current scientific evidence suggests that to derive a health benefit from physical activity. It needs to be of at least moderate intensity for at least 30 minutes a day, five days a week. Many sports have the distinct advantage over other types of activity of being by their nature sufficiently physically demanding to meet the intensity required for health and in their normal practice to be of sufficient duration.

Tourism is not only important, but of vital importance for many countries, especially for the under-developed and developing economies. There are a large number of pilgrim places in India and individuals who go to these spots to gain virtue. Haridwar district is the most prominent religious and spiritual center of Uttarakhand state. On yearly average 80 lactourists visit Haridwar city that is affecting the socio-economic environment of the district in a positive direction. To attract the tourists towards a tourist place the infrastructure plays an important role. An endeavorhas been made in this research paper to study the perception of Host community (i.e. Business community) and tourists towards the tourism’s infrastructural problems. For the assessment of infrastructural problems of tourism at selected tourist sites(Har-ki-Pauri, Kankhal, Piran Kaliyar, Shantikunj, Mansa Devi) the following parameters have been taken into account, i.e. road condition, traffic management, parking spaces, power supply, drinking water facility, medical facility, safety & security, ATM/Bank facility, Sewage &drainage system, Garbage disposal andCleanliness

It has been rightly said physical fitness and wellness are ones richest possessions; that can not be purchased they are to be earned through regular and systematic fitness program and positive lifestyle habits.

Postmodern literature is used to describe certain characteristics of post-world war II literature and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in modernist literature.

India is a nation which contains several ethnic groups within a society. The term ‘Multiculturalism’ is used to indicate the adoption or development of multitudinous cultures. There are disparate cultural customs which remain within every unique culture. There is a general belief regarding cultural diversity which divides people into numerous groups and sub-groups. It proves an obstacle to human association. The novel 2 States: The Story of my Marriage is associated to his life. Two youngsters belonging to different states of India fell in love with each other in this novel. Environment and family subjugation prevented them from taking steps for inter-caste marriage. It is a typical Indian love story of Krish Malhotra who was a Punjabi boy and Ananya Swaminathan from Chennai who was a Tamil Brahmin girl. The paper discusses how they succeeded and the struggles and consequences they came across in their life.

Cabinet plays a key role in the decision making process of the country at the centre or in the states. It mainly consists of the senior and experienced political leaders of the executive branch. They will be allotted key departments in the government. Several ministers work under them and help them to discharge their duties effectively. For the convenience of the administration they form several cabinet committees from time to time and focus on fulfilling the assigned task to the committees. It advises the Head of the State to take decisions on the key issues crucial for the country. Apart from that they play an important role in the formulation of the legislation before it is passes by the Parliament.

Whereas the American West was opened “by” settlers, the preposition “for” is more appropriate to Canada, as commerce, law, and transportation… preceded the influx of population. (Moss 87).

especially Rainfall, Temperature and Evaporation matters must in the Agricultural development. In this paper an attempt should made to analyze the Potential Evapotranspiration pattern and Trend through Climatic data. The variations in Spatial and Temporal pattern in Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) examined for 37 Years arithmetic Mean for the better and will for the more clear and fruitful results to planning of sustainable agricultural practices and Water management in study region.

Initially, the British government was creating the institution for its own purpose. Later on apart from transforming cantonment hospitals into dispensaries, new instructions of care and institutions of imparting theatrical medical education and training was introduced at regular intervals. Most of the institutions both medical schools and hospitals came in Madras city to serve European people living in the city. Penetration of medical institutions into non-urban areas to serve local people was due to the public demand and to deal with epidemics but the government did not spread them to rural areas voluntarily. Local rich and intelligentsia made initiations for which the government provided grants, experts and instruments. In this article Researcher examine the origin and development of Madras Medical School, Royapuram Medical School and Prince Wales Medical School etc. to understand the process of the institutionalization of medical education in this presidency.

This paper aims to articulate what judicial architecture and iconography can tell us about the Indian justice system. Such articulation depends on our view of architecture as a form of communication which can give us insights into the legal biography. The arguments in the paper are based both on literature review and fieldwork to trace the spatial dynamics of the Indian courtroom.

Osbornes artistic vision seems to have been conditioned and shaped by two important forces - those are heredity and environment on one side and his own personal experiences on the other. While trying to trace the origin of the tragic impulses in Osborne, a researcher has to study these two inevitably.